IDST 1002H Chapter Notes - Chapter 21: Johan Galtung, Pierre Bourdieu, Symbolic Power
14 Jun 2018
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From Textbook Chapter 21: Conflict and Development
• Two main perspectives:
• Liberal view, which sees underdevelopment as a cause of conflict and
development as a way towards peace
• Competing perspective, which sees conflict as integral to development
Posing the Question
• WB in 2003 said conflict is the opposite of development
• However violence may set back development but is also may sweep away older
structures and make way for change
• Developed countries still have war
• Some of least developed countries do not have much war, others have a lot
• Liberal theory of violence: violence is the opposite of development
Definitions, Approaches, and Methods
• Are you looking at development in terms of political, social, and/or economic
development?
• Grand narrative approach is to uncover the essence of the development process as it
has unfolded historically
• Karl Marx said development cannot be separated from conflict
• Lenin argued imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism, and imperialist
nations (most developed) would succumb to war against each other
• Max Weber saw capitalism as peaceful
• Modernity is associated with societies ruled primarily by reason
Conflict, Violence, and War:
• Conflict: tension between opposing views, interests, or wills
• May or may not include violence
• Violence:
• Physical violence
• Structural violence: launched by Johan Galtung in 1950s, extreme and
systematic inequality
• Symbolic violence: Pierre Bourdieu, internalized humiliation among the weak and
legitimation of inequality and hierarchy
• War: extraordinary violence, a situation where normal rules do not apply but special
rules have been developed
• Databases have data on events classified as internal and international wars
• Raw data from war zones can be unreliable
• No clear way to measure impact of war
• No clear way to decide which deaths count
• No clear way to deal with war
• Sociologists look at causes of violence and other questions
Conflict and Development: Perspectives and Findings
• Aid provided during times of conflict has traditionally been humanitarian relief
Underdevelopment as a Cause of Conflict- Development as the Foundation for Peace:
• Western political scientists in 1960s believed societies would develop and modernize by
establishing effectively functioning bureaucracies, streamlining individual affinities away
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
From textbook chapter 21: conflict and development: two main perspectives, liberal view, which sees underdevelopment as a cause of conflict and development as a way towards peace, competing perspective, which sees conflict as integral to development. Conflict and development: perspectives and findings: aid provided during times of conflict has traditionally been humanitarian relief. Idea that democracies and peace belong together was reborn in 1980s. Inspired by perpetual peace by immanuel kant in 1795, which outlined conditions for peace among states. Spring: modernization theory assumed as societies became more modern, identities related to clan, tribe, village, or ethnic group would become less important, ernest gellner (1983) argued growth of national identities paralleled growth of modern market economy. State failure: well-functioning state is important for economic growth. Social change as a source of instability: competing view is that periods of change are associated with conflict.
