BPK 105 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2.1, 2.2: Atomic Orbital, Chemical Energy, Atomic Number
27 Apr 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life - 2.1, 2.2
2.1 - Basic Chemistry
● chemicals make up body’s structures
● interactions of chemicals = responsible for body’s functions
● Parkinson disease: result of shortage of dopamine in certain nerve cells in the brain.
● matter: anything that occupies space and has mass
● mass: amount of matter in an object (kg)
● weight: gravitational force acting on an object of a given mass
● element: simplest type of matter having unique chemical properties
● ~96% of the body’s weight results from O, C, H, N
● bones: calciums. sodium ions are essential for neuronal activity
● atom: smallest particle of an element that has chemical characteristics of that element
● electron cloud: region where electrons are most likely to be found
● number of protons: atomic number
● chemical behaviour of an atom is determined largely by its outermost electrons
● charged particle = ion
● H2 = a molecule
● molecule: formed when 2 or more atoms chemically combine to form a structure that
behaves as an independent unit. distinct units!!!
● compound: results from chemical combination of 2 or more different types of atoms.
● covalent bonds = molecules
● ionic compounds = not molecules. ions are held together by force of attraction b/w
opposite charges. NaCl = not a molecule
● ionic compounds. ions dissociate in water (electrolytes)
● when molecules dissolve in water, they usually remain intact.
2.2 - Chemical reactions
● chemical bonds formed or broken.
●Synthesis Reaction: A + B —> AB
● ie. synthesis of ATP molecules
● A-P-P + P —> A-P-P-P
● all synthesis reactions that occur in body collectively referred to as anabolism
●Decomposition: AB —> A + B
● ie. breakdown of ATP to ADP and a phosphate group
● decomposition reactions that occur in body collectively called catabolism
● ex. digestion of food molecules in intestine and within cells
● breakdown of fat stores
● breakdown of microorganisms in certain blood cells that protect th body
● anabolic + catabolic reactions = metabolism
●Exchange: AB + CD —> AC + BD
● combination of decomposition + synthesis reactions
●Reversible Reactions
Document Summary
Chapter 2: the chemical basis of life - 2. 1, 2. 2. Interactions of chemicals = responsible for body"s functions. Parkinson disease: result of shortage of dopamine in certain nerve cells in the brain. Matter: anything that occupies space and has mass. Mass: amount of matter in an object (kg) Weight: gravitational force acting on an object of a given mass. Element: simplest type of matter having unique chemical properties. ~96% of the body"s weight results from o, c, h, n. Bones: calciums. sodium ions are essential for neuronal activity. Atom: smallest particle of an element that has chemical characteristics of that element. Electron cloud: region where electrons are most likely to be found. Chemical behaviour of an atom is determined largely by its outermost electrons. Molecule: formed when 2 or more atoms chemically combine to form a structure that behaves as an independent unit. distinct units!! Compound: results from chemical combination of 2 or more different types of atoms.
