Public Administration - Municipal ACC106 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Income Statement

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Leverage is using fixed costs to magnify the potential return to a. 2 types of fixed costs: fixed operating costs = rent, amortization fixed financial costs = interest costs from debt. A firm"s operational costs may be classified as: Fixed: those costs that remain the same in the short run (e. g. : rental, amortization, executive salaries, property taxes) Variable: those costs that change as production/sales changes (e. g. raw material, factory labour, sales commissions) Semi variable: those costs that may change but not directly related to production/sales (e. g. utilities, repairs and maintenance) Break-even analysis is the technique used to study the effect of sales volume on costs and profit. The interesting sales volume is the break-even (be) sales level, at which a firm"s total revenue equals total cost, that is, the firm does not make money nor lose money (breaks even)

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