BIOLOGY 1M03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 27: Teleost, Antennapedia, Supercontinent
17 Dec 2015
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Researchers analyze characteristics of species (genetic, morphological, behavioural, etc. ) to infer phylogenetic relationships among species. There are four general strategies for using data to estimate trees: the phenetic (distance), cladistic (maximum parsimony), maximum likelihood, and bayesian. Organizes organisms based off of genetic distances between them. Computing a statistic, then comparing statistics for different populations and (using gene sequences from computer data) finding differences. Uses a distance matrix to create a phylogenetic tree. Analyses organism and places them on a tree based off of derived traits that they seem to share from a common ancestor. Maximum parsimony - minimize the observed number of changes on a tree needed to explain observed data. Most likely explanation or pattern is likely to show the least amount of change. Parsimony: when you give the simplest explanation for a certain situation; make conclusions off of the simplest possible reasoning. Synapomorphy: shared derived characteristics from a common ancestor that no other species have.
