BIOLOGY 1M03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Chapter 27, Synapomorphy
Document Summary
Lecture 13: chapter 27 phylogenies and history of life. Check out flow chart on the slides for midterm (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) Key concepts: adaptive radiations are an important pattern in history of life- instances of rapid diversification in species. Associated with new ecological opportunities and/or new traits (cid:1) (cid:1: phylogenies and the fossil record are major tools that help biologists study the history of life. Infer timing of divergences: mass extinctions: occurred repeatedly through history, parts of tree: Taxa, tips, nodes, branches, sister groups (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) Phylogeny: the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. Phylogenetic trees: show ancestor-descendant relationship among populations or species (cid:1) Built with data (dna, traits) to depict an evolutionary hypothesis for the history of a group (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) Monophyletic group (clade): and ancestor and all of its descendants. Cladogram: a tree that only depicts relationships (not timing)
