BIOLOGY 1A03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Aminoacyl-Trna, Transfer Rna, Elongation Factor

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BIOLOGY 1A03 Full Course Notes

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Theme 2: translation; c01; dr. kajiura; 26 sept 2014. Cellular components are able to read the genetic message in the mrna and translate this message into the specific primary amino acid sequences. Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. Mrna initiation factors elongation factors release aminoacyl trna synthases trna ribosome (rrna+proteins) 2 functional regions: amino acid attachment site (cca)-where the a is the actual point of attachment for an aa during trna molecule activation, anticodon sequence. Each trna is made up of a single rna strand b/w 70-90 nucleotides. High degree of complementarity along many stretches of trna and this results in h bonding b/w bases causing hairpin structures. Can also fold upon itself in a l shaped 3d structure (figure b) Anticodons written in 3"-5" align with mrna codons in the 5"-3" direction. Clover leaf: 4 double helical segments + 3 loops. Region: anticodon nucleotide triplet that has complementary base pairs for mrna which codes for specific amino acid.

Related Questions

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

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BIOLOGY 1A03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Aminoacyl-Trna, Transfer Rna, Elongation Factor

BIOLOGY 1A03 Full Course Notes

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