CHEM 271 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: X-Ray Crystallography, Endergonic Reaction, Exergonic Reaction

• School: Concordia University
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CHEM 271
• Professor: Lena Sahlman

Document Summary

Enzymes catalyze retains by stabilizing the transition state. 8. 1: enzymes are powerful and highly specific catalysts. An enzyme usually catalyzes a single chemical reaction or a set of closely related reactions. Some proteolytic enzymes can bind to practically any peptide bond while others to only one or two types. The catalytic activity of many enzymes depend on the presence of a cofactor. These molecules are able to perform reactions that cannot be performed by the 20 amino acids. An enzyme with its cofactor is called a holoenzyme, an enzyme without its cofactor is called an apoenzyme. (cid:1827)(cid:1868)(cid:1867)(cid:1857)(cid:1866)(cid:1878)(cid:1877)(cid:1865)(cid:1857) + (cid:1855)(cid:1867)(cid:1858)(cid:1853)(cid:1855)(cid:1872)(cid:1867)(cid:1870) = (cid:1834)(cid:1867)(cid:1864)(cid:1867)(cid:1857)(cid:1866)(cid:1878)(cid:1877)(cid:1865)(cid:1857) Enzymes can transform energy from one form to another. For example photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy. 8. 2: free energy is a useful thermodynamic function for understanding enzymes. How much a reaction is sped up or whether or not an enzymatic reaction can take place depends on the energy differences between reactants and products.