PSYC 381 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Social Cognitive Theory, Job Satisfaction, Glass Ceiling
14 Jun 2018
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What are the four common meanings that describe work? What is career
construction theory? Describe the two specific theories of occupational choice,
and explain how they differ. (pp. 343-345)
-The four common meanings are: developing self, union with others, expressing
self, and serving others.
-Career construction theory posits people build careers through their own actions
that result from the interface of their own person characteristics and the social
context
-The two specific theories of occupational choice are:
1. Personality type theory: People choose occupations to optimize the fit
between their individual traits and their occupational interests.
2. Social cognitive career theory (SCCT): proposes career choice is a result of the
application of Bandura's social cognitive theory, especially the concept of self-
efficacy.
-Personality choose based on their personality, whereas social chooses based on
their interests.
1.
What are occupational expectations, and how are they related to occupational
development? Describe the role of mentors and coaches in occupational
development. (pp. 345-347)
-Occupational expectations are when people begin to form opinions about what
work in a particular occupation will be like.
-Occupational expectations vary by generation. Young adults change their career
path once.
-Both are changing as we age.
-Mentoring and coaching are viewed as primary ways that organizations invest in
developing their talent and future leadership
-A mentor or developmental coach is part teacher, sponsor, model, and
counselor who facilitates on the job learning to help the new hire do the work.
2.
What is job satisfaction? How does job satisfaction change with age, and why?
What is alienation and burnout as related to occupations, and how can they be
avoided? How does Vallerand’s passion model predict job satisfaction and
burnout? (pp. 347-350)
-Job satisfaction is the positive feeling that results from an appraisal of ones
work.
-White collar professionals show an increase in job satisfaction with age, whereas
those in blue collar positions generally do not.
-Accumulation of experience, changing context, and the stage of ones career
development all affect job satisfaction.
-Alienation is when workers feel what they are doing is meaningless and their
efforts are devalued.
-Burnout is the depletion of a persons energy and motivation.
-Avoid this by keeping things fresh, intervention programs and positive
environments
-Vallerand proposes burnout does not affect everyone in a particular profession
because the difference relates to people feeling different types of passion
towards their jobs.
-He says there are 2 types of passion: obsessive and harmonious
3.
Describe the gender differences in occupational choice. Describe the
developmental changes in occupations that have occurred for women over the
last century. Summarize the issues of ethnicity and occupational development.
(pp. 350-353)
-In the past, women entered traditional, female-dominated occupations.
-They are now entering male dominated ones.
-Men still prefer to date women who are in traditional careers.
-Women who choose non traditional occupations and are successful in them are
viewed negatively
-Women are creating small businesses from their home.
-Women do not differ significantly in terms of participation in non-traditional
occupations across ethnic groups
-African American women tend to plan for more education.
4.
Describe gender bias in the workplace. What are the glass ceiling and the glass
cliff? What is age discrimination, and how does it occur? (pp. 353-356)
-21st century women accounted for more than half of all people employed in
management, but were still underrepresented at the top.
-Research shows women are forced to work harder than men.
-The glass ceiling is what women refer themselves to, which is the level they may
rise within an organization but beyond which they may not go.
-A glass cliff is where women's leadership positon is likely to fall.
-Age discrimination is denying a job or promotion to someone solely on the basis
of age.
-It usually happens prior to or after interaction with human resources staff by
other employees making the hiring decisions
5.
What are occupational transitions, and what are the factors that determine
whether a transition will occur? What is career plateauing, and how can it be
avoided? What are the effects associated with job loss, and how do adults cope
with unemployment? (pp. 356-359)
-Occupational transitions is switching jobs throughout your career.
-Factors include: whether the person likes the occupation, skills and economic
trend.
-Career plateauing occurs when there is a lack of challenge in ones job.
-Retraining is a common way it can be avoided.
-Job loss can negatively affect physical and psychological health.
-Ways to cope with it
• Approach job loss with a healthy sense of urgency
• Consider your next career move and what you must do to achieve it
• Acknowledge and react to change as soon as it is evident
6.
Describe the issues associated with employed adults who care for dependents,
and explain how these effects can be lessened. How are employers responding to
these issues? How are household chores divided between men and women? What
is the work-family conflict, and why is it important? (pp. 360-363)
-When caring for a dependent, report negative effects on their work, higher
levels of stress.
-These effects can be reduced when people have support from family and control
over their job.
-Employers are providing benefits and no punishments for leaving work to care
for others.
-Women complete the majority of household chores. This causes the most
arguments.
-Men complete chores on only tasks they agree to do.
-The work family conflict is the feeling of being pulled in multiple directions by
incompatible demands from ones job and ones family.
-Major source of stress so must find a balance.
7.
How are leisure activities defined? What are the developmental differences in
leisure behaviour? Why are leisure activities important? (pp. 363-366)
-Leisure activities includes simple relaxation or activities for enjoyment.
-Men and women differ in their views of leisure.
-Young adults participate in multiple leisure activities. Middle aged adults focus
more on home and family orientated activities.
-Leisure activities have been linked to well being.
-Great way to deal with stress
- They connect us to our personal past.
8.
What is retirement? Why is it difficult to define? Why do people retire, and how
does gender and ethnicity affect this decision? What is the key to retirement
adjustment? What do people do in retirement? (pp. 366-370)
-Retirement is a complex process where people withdraw from full time
participation in an occupation.
-Difficult to define b/c to retire involves the loss of occupational identity.
-Means different things to men and women.
-Workers retire by choice. Sometimes due to health or job loss.
-Women have more discontinuous work histories and have fewer financial
resources may affect women's decisions to retire.
-Women spend less time planning their retirement.
-New patterns of personal involvement help with adjustment.
-A lot of retired people continue to work part time. May also volunteer for a
social aspect.
9.
L12 - Word, Leisure & Retirement
Sunday, May 27, 2018
2:08 PM
Document Summary
Describe the two specific theories of occupational choice, and explain how they differ. (pp. The four common meanings are: developing self, union with others, expressing self, and serving others. Career construction theory posits people build careers through their own actions that result from the interface of their own person characteristics and the social context. Personality choose based on their personality, whereas social chooses based on their interests. Describe the role of mentors and coaches in occupational development. (pp. Occupational expectations are when people begin to form opinions about what work in a particular occupation will be like. Mentoring and coaching are viewed as primary ways that organizations invest in developing their talent and future leadership. A mentor or developmental coach is part teacher, sponsor, model, and counselor who facilitates on the job learning to help the new hire do the work. How does vallerand"s passion model predict job satisfaction and burnout? (pp.
