PSY1011 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Classical Conditioning, Lightning, Operant Conditioning
4 May 2018
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Learning in Psychology
What is learning?
A relatively permanent hage i oe’s ehaior because of experience in an
environment or context
Affected by nature (i.e. biology) but dependent on nurture (i.e. the environment)
Learning is the basis of education, therapy, games, etc.
Theories of Learning
Classical Conditioning
o Stimulus associations
o Palo’s eperiets
Operant Conditioning
o Rewards/punishments
o “kier’s eperiets
Observation/ Role modeling
o Bandura
Classical Conditioning
Learning=associating one stimulus with another
o Lightning + thunder=we wince hearing thunder
o We see lightning we wince anticipating thunder
Palo’s Dogs
o Step 1: before conditioning (unlearned): unlearned stimulusunconditioned
response
o Step 2: during conditioning (acquisition): neutral stimulus + unlearned stimulus
unconditioned response
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o Step 3: after conditioning: neutral stimulus becomes conditioned stimulus
conditioned response
Discrimination & Generalization
o Conditioned stimulus conditioned response
o Discrimination
▪ Different stimulus no response
▪ Knows that the stimulus is NOT the same
o Generalization
▪ Different stimulus conditioned response
▪ Thinks stimuli mean the same thing, generalized learning
Classical Conditioning in humans
o Step 1: before conditioning: loud noise as unconditioned stimulus
unconditioned response, make baby cry
o Step 2: during conditioning: mouse as neutral stimulus + loud noise as
unconditioned stimulus
unconditioned response, make baby cry
o Step 3: after conditioning: mouse becomes conditioned stimulus conditioned
response, make baby cry
Association is necessary for continued response
o Acquisition phase=strong conditioned response to stimulus
o Over time/extinction= reduction of conditioned response to stimulus, strong
weak
Operant Conditioning
The law of effect states that behaviors followed by favorable consequences (rewards)
become more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences
(punishments) become less likely
Cats were placed in a puzzle box & rewarded with food and freedom when they solved
the puzzle…
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
A relatively permanent (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ge i(cid:374) o(cid:374)e"s (cid:271)eha(cid:448)ior because of experience in an environment or context. Affected by nature (i. e. biology) but dependent on nurture (i. e. Affected by nature (i. e. biology) but dependent on nurture (i. e. the environment) Learning is the basis of education, therapy, games, etc. Learning=associating one stimulus with another: lightning + thunder=we wince hearing thunder, we see lightning. Pa(cid:448)lo(cid:448)"s dogs we wince anticipating thunder: step 1: before conditioning (unlearned): unlearned stimulus response unconditioned, step 2: during conditioning (acquisition): neutral stimulus + unlearned stimulus unconditioned response, step 3: after conditioning: neutral stimulus becomes conditioned stimulus conditioned response. Discrimination & generalization: conditioned stimulus, discrimination conditioned response, different stimulus, knows that the stimulus is not the same no response, generalization, different stimulus, thinks stimuli mean the same thing, generalized learning conditioned response. Association is necessary for continued response: acquisition phase=strong conditioned response to stimulus, over time/extinction= reduction of conditioned response to stimulus, strong weak.
