PSY1022 Chapter Notes - Chapter Prescribed: Pseudoscience, Scientific Method, Illusory Correlation
26 May 2018
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PSY1022 readings - week 3 - chapter 1 - psychology and the scientific method
- sources of knowledge
• superstition
•
o gaining knowledge via superstition means acquiring knowledge
that is based on subjective feelings, interpreting random events as
nonrandom events or believing in magical events.
o
▪ neither valid or reliable
• knowledge via intuition
•
o knowledge gained without being consciously aware of its source
o illusory correlation - perception of a relationship that doesn’t exist
• authority
•
o knowledge gained from those viewed as authority figures
• tenacity
•
o knowledge gained from repeated ideas that are stubbornly clung
to despite evidence to the contrary.
• rationalism
•
o gaining knowledge through logical reasoning
o ideas are precisely stated and logical rules are applied to arrive at
a logically sound conclusion.
• empiricism
•
o knowledge gained through objective observations of organisms
and events in the real world - experiences of your senses.
• science
•
o knowledge gained through a combination of empirical methods
and logical reasoning.
o scientists collect data (make empirical observations) and tests
hypothesis with these data (asses them using rationalism).
o
▪ hypothesis - a prediction regarding the outcome of a study
involving the potential relationships between at least two
variables.
▪
▪ a variable - an event or behaviour that has at least
two values
▪ goal of testing a hypothesis is to arrive at a or test a theory
▪
▪ an organised system of assumptions and principles
that attempts to explain certain phenomena and how
they are related.
- the scientific - critical thinking approach and psychology
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