BIO1011 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1.1; 2.1-2.3; 3.1-3.2; 4.1-4.2; 5.1-5.5: Covalent Bond, Hydrogen Atom, Hydrogen Bond
Pre-reading notes:
References:
Concepts: 1.1; 2.1-2.3; 3.1-3.2; 4.1-4.2; 5.1-5.5 from Campbell Biology
Objectives
● Understand hierarchy in structural and functional levels in biology
● Understand properties associated with life
● Define element and compound
● Describe structure of an atom and explain atomic number and mass, valence,
and daltons
● Define electronegativity and explain its role in formation of chemical bonds
● Distinguish between covalent, ionic and weak bonds
● Describe how water contributes to the ability of the environment to support life
● Describe the structure and geometry of a water molecule
● Explain the relationship between the polar nature of water and its ability to
form hydrogen bonds // - lecture 1
● Distinguish between the monomers that make up macromolecules and the
bonds that link monomers
● List the roles of proteins in organisms
● Understand the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of
proteins
● Provide examples of monosaccharides and disaccharides
● Provide examples of structural and storage polysaccharides
● Define a nucleotide and give examples of biologically important nucleotides
● Define the classes of lipids and understand their functions and biological
importance
● List the basic units that make up glycerides and steroids
● Understand the concept of scale in biological systems - from organelle to cell
to tissue to organ // - lecture 2
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Lecture 1 Pre-Reading - Hierarchy of structural and functional
levels
The Hierarchy
The Biosphere → Ecosystems → Communities → Populations → Organisms → Organs
and Organ Systems → Tissues → Cells → Organelles → Molecules
● Zooming in from the biosphere to molecules is called reductionism
● Zooming out from molecules to the biosphere is called systems biology
● Emergent properties show as we zoom out to see the complexity in the
interactions in systems biology
● In each hierarchy, there is a correlation between structure and function
Properties associated with life
● Metabolic processes
● Respiration
● Nutrition
● Reproduction
● Homeostasis
● DNA, RNA and Proteins
● Carbon-based
● Growth
Element and Compound
● Element: a substance that cannot be broken down by other substances in a
chemical reaction
● Compound: a substance that consists of two or more elements combined in
a fixed ratio
○ A compound has different characteristics to those of the element it
contains
● Of the 92 natural elements, only about 20-25% are essential elements than
an organism needs to survive
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Concepts: 1. 1; 2. 1-2. 3; 3. 1-3. 2; 4. 1-4. 2; 5. 1-5. 5 from campbell biology. Understand hierarchy in structural and functional levels in biology. Describe structure of an atom and explain atomic number and mass, valence, and daltons. Define electronegativity and explain its role in formation of chemical bonds. Distinguish between covalent, ionic and weak bonds. Describe how water contributes to the ability of the environment to support life. Describe the structure and geometry of a water molecule. Explain the relationship between the polar nature of water and its ability to form hydrogen bonds // - lecture 1. Distinguish between the monomers that make up macromolecules and the bonds that link monomers. List the roles of proteins in organisms. Understand the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins. Provide examples of structural and storage polysaccharides. Define a nucleotide and give examples of biologically important nucleotides. Define the classes of lipids and understand their functions and biological importance.