NUTR 100 Study Guide - Lean Body Mass, Body Surface Area, Thermogenesis
Document Summary
Energy balance: 65% of adults are overweight, 30% of total population is obese, red flags: 2 inch increase in waist circumference: energy output is mostly through basal metabolism and. Factors that influence basal metabolism: body surface area (weight, height, lean body mass, gender, body temperature, thyroid hormone, nervous system activity, age, caloric intake, pregnancy, use of caffeine and tobacco. The liver uses more energy than any other organ. Physical activity: increases energy expenditure, more activity, more energy burned, lack of activity is a major cause of obesity. Thermic effect of food (tef): energy used to digest, absorb, and metabolize food nutrients, sales tax of total energy consumed, 5-10% above the total calories consumed, tef is highest for protein>carbohydrate>fat. Increases sympathetic nervous system activity: resists weight gain. Determination of energy needs: direct calorimetry not common. Expensive and complex: indirect calorimetry much more common. Oxygen consumed is related to energy expended. What is a healthy body weight: current height/weight standards.
