BIO 370 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Autapomorphy, Symplesiomorphy, Convergent Evolution
Phylogeny discussion Apr. 3rd
1- Define:
Homologous traits:
Traits found similar in multiple species because inherited from
common ancestor.
Analogous traits
(convergence
evolution/homoplasy):
Structures evolved separately, similar in function and how it was
inherited independently.
Homoplasy
Trait unique for that species but not in common ancestor. Common in
multiple species but not in their common ancestors.
Apomorphy:
Trait present in common in ancestor and all of its descendants.
(symapomorphy – shared by species)
Plesiomorphy :
Trait shared by 2+ taxa.
Synapomorphy :
Trait shared by ancestors and all members of monophilic group, and
only by those members.
Autapomorphy :
Feature found in one taxa of species.
Synplesiomorphy :
Shared by ancestors of more than one species.
2- Which of the following is/are informative in building trees : Autapomorphy, synapomorphy,
synplesiomorphy?
- Synapomorphy because looking at adaptations shared by multiple species; autapomorphy
doesn’t indicate relation with other species so can’t do phylogenetic trees.
3- What are the different methods available for inferring phylogenetic trees from a data matrix? State
what is the main assumption for each.
- Parsimony method: simplest explanation is best.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Traits found similar in multiple species because inherited from common ancestor. Structures evolved separately, similar in function and how it was inherited independently. Trait unique for that species but not in common ancestor. Common in multiple species but not in their common ancestors. Trait present in common in ancestor and all of its descendants. (symapomorphy shared by species) Trait shared by ancestors and all members of monophilic group, and only by those members. Shared by ancestors of more than one species. Synapomorphy because looking at adaptations shared by multiple species; autapomorphy doesn"t indicate relation with other species so can"t do phylogenetic trees. State what is the main assumption for each. Distance method: look like each other, in the sense of character evolution when looking at specific character and its dna sequence, how many steps of evolution does it take to go to the next character. Bayesian method: similar to maximum likelihood, statistics, can"t do by hand.
