PSYC 105 Study Guide - Final Guide: Functional Fixedness, Information Processing, Divergent Thinking
Document Summary
General problem-solving methods: what is a problem: obstacle between a present state and a goal, for which it is not immediately obvious how to get around the obstacle. Well-defined: has correct answer; certain procedures will lead to solution. Ill-defi(cid:374)ed: path to solutio(cid:374) u(cid:374)(cid:272)lear; (cid:374)o o(cid:374)e (cid:862)(cid:272)orre(cid:272)t(cid:863) a(cid:374)s(cid:449)er: gestalt approach: perception. Representation: first represent problem in the mind. Restructuring: need to restructure problem in mind. Udde(cid:374) i(cid:374)sight: (cid:862)aha(cid:863) (cid:373)o(cid:373)e(cid:374)t to sol(cid:448)e pro(cid:271)lem. Warmth judgments stayed consistent until aha moment, where it shot up. Newell and simon: problem solving can be thought of as a search, as if you were navigating a maze. Problem space: initial state -> intermediate state -> goal state. Operators: rules specify which moves are allowed and which are not. Problem space filled to determine the goal state: heuristics, etc. Hill-climbing strategy: used to get a little bit closer to goal. How a problem is stated can affect its difficulty.
