ANTH 1006 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Linguistic Anthropology, Jane Goodall, Thumb
-1
Holism
A theory about culture - Institutions and beliefs are integrated in a particular pattern.
Culture cannot be determined or explained by the sum of its component parts alone.
Culture is dynamic (changing).
-1
6. Culture is adaptive or maladaptive
- reliance on social and cultural adaptation increased during human evolution
-Such cultural patterns as overconsumption and pollution appear to be maladaptive in
the long run
- Air conditioning: adaptive
-BUT pollution: maladaptive
_______
Ethnolinguistics
Subfield of anthropology -a field of linguistics which studies the relationship between
language and culture, and the way different ethnic groups perceive the world. It is the
combination between ethnology and linguistics.
_______
Cultural Relativism
Any culture must be viewed within the context of that culture.
0
Unilineal Evolution
...
4. Culture and Nature
Culture defines how we deal with nature:
Eating:What do we eat and how do we get it? Snacks, number of meals, who you eat
with?
Using the bathroom?: Where is it appropriate to urinate? Who is watching?
Medicines: Viagra, vaccines, antibiotics and accessibility
Natural disasters:Cultural readiness, aide, who helps?
Culture is dynamic - Diffusion
(external change)
borrowing/exchange of information between cultures.
- can occur through trade, travel, warfare, etc.
- Direct contact versus indirect contact
Universals
- Tend to be based in biology and are shared by all peoples
-Long period of infancy, use of brain to develop culture
-Can be social, idea of kinship
_______
Ethnographic Method- Hawthorne Effect
When people react in atypical ways to being observed.
_______
Paleoanthropology
the branch of anthropology concerned with fossil hominids.
_______
AAA Code of Ethics
- Make finds available to sponsors, students, decision makers, and other
nonanthropologists.
- Cannot be vague about you findings
- Must be alert to possible harm their information may cause people with whom they
work or colleagues
- All fieldwork situations are different
- People have to make immediate choices
- "The principles and guidelines in this Code provide the anthropologist with tools to
engage in developing and maintaining an ethical framework for all anthropological work.
"
Ecofacts
Something from nature that has been modifed by us.
Adaptation
-All of these aspects of Evolution allow adaptation to occur
-a series of beneficial adjustments to the environment
• Some moths fit in and others didn't - depending on background
▪ Makes the population smaller for the ones that standout
homologies
Similarities used to assign organisms to taxon
-1
analogies
Produced via convergent evolution - species experiencing similar selective forces and
adapt in similar ways biologically
Opposability
Capable of moving opposite to and touching one or more other digits of the same hand
or foot in a way that allows grasping: The thumb is an opposable digit
Quadrupedal
-Small brain
-Thumb has limited mobility
-Opposable toe
0
Law of Superposition
a basic law of geochronology, stating that in any undisturbed sequence of rocks
deposited in layers, the youngest layer is on top and the oldest on bottom, each layer
being younger than the one beneath it and older than the one above it.
absolute dating methods
sometimes called numerical dating, to give rocks an actual date, or date range, in
number of years. This is different to relative dating, which only puts geological events in
time order.
Never Missed
You’ve gotten all of these right!
Select these 62
_______
Linguistic Anthropology
Description of, history of, and relationship between human languages.
How a language is formed, how it works, the history, and development of language to
other aspects of culture.
Language structure and how words reflect perception of the world.
_______
Sociolinguistics
Subfield of linguistic anthropology -the study of language in relation to social factors,
including differences of regional, class, and occupational dialect, gender differences,
and bilingualism.
Primatology
Document Summary
A theory about culture - institutions and beliefs are integrated in a particular pattern. Culture cannot be determined or explained by the sum of its component parts alone. Reliance on social and cultural adaptation increased during human evolution. Such cultural patterns as overconsumption and pollution appear to be maladaptive in the long run. Subfield of anthropology -a field of linguistics which studies the relationship between language and culture, and the way different ethnic groups perceive the world. It is the combination between ethnology and linguistics. Any culture must be viewed within the context of that culture. Culture is dynamic - diffusion (external change) borrowing/exchange of information between cultures. Can occur through trade, travel, warfare, etc. Tend to be based in biology and are shared by all peoples. Long period of infancy, use of brain to develop culture. When people react in atypical ways to being observed. Paleoanthropology the branch of anthropology concerned with fossil hominids.
