BIO SCI 94 Midterm: Bio94 Midterm 2 Key Ideas

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6 Sep 2016

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BIO SCI 94 Full Course Notes

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Taxa relationships among all living organisms on earth ancestor-descendant relationships among populations, species . Chapter 28: phylogenies and the history of life. Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. A phylogenetic tree is a graphical summary of this history, showing the. Tree of life is the most universal of a phylogenetic tree, depicting all the. Branches tell time; the left are more ancient than the most recent ones. Tips represent a living or extinct group of genes, species, families, phyla or. Nodes shows common ancestors and split into branches. Homology is similarities in organisms due to common ancestry, Synapomorphy is a trait found in two or more taxa that is present in their most recent common ancestor but is missing in more distant ancestors. Monophyletic group is an evolutionary unit that includes an ancestral. Homoplasy is similarities in organisms due to reasons other than common population and all of its descendants, but no others. ancestry.

Related Questions

Among flowering plants, cactus-like species are found in desert-living members of the cactus family (naturally), as well as the spurge family and the milkweed family. These families are each monophyletic groups, but they are quite unrelated to each other (they are not sister clades). Within flowering plants, the cactus-like growth habit is best considered to be the result of _________________ and is a form of _______________.
1) evolutionary reversal; synapomorphy
2) convergent evolution; homoplasy
3) synapomorphy; homology
4) polymorphism; shared ancestral character state
5) convergent evolution; shared derived trait

What problems does horizontal gene transfer cause for evolutionary biologists?

It can make reconstruction of phylogenetic trees difficult because it can obscure phylogenetic relationships.

It can cause physiological problems in some organisms, making it hard to study them.

It can make breeding between different individuals of the same species difficult.

Because it is transfer of genes between the same species, it can make individuals look more similar than they actually are.

All of the above

Which statement best describes the maximum parsimony approach to the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees?

A pathway is constructed that requires the minimum number of changes to arrive at the modern species from a common ancestor.

The tree is based on relationships that show the maximum probability of obtaining a set of characteristics.

Relationships on the tree are based on overall similarity between species.

Branches on the tree are constructed from the predicted date of speciation, measured in millions of years.

The best phylogeny is selected by comparing models representing random mutation and adaptive radiation.

ambermouse112

1. Features in two different groups of organisms that are sharedbecause they were inherited from a common ancestor are examples of:(One word. Case does not matter, but you must spell it exactlycorrect.) ____________

2. A phylogeny is:

	A.	A diagram showing the relationship between groups oforganisms
	B.	A list of the evolutionary innovations possessed by a singlegroup of organisms
	C.	A diagram of all the known ancestors in the fossil record for asingle species living today
	D.	A unit of time used in geology

Homoplasy refers to:

	A.	The tendency of closely related organisms to interbreed witheach other
	B.	Features that ancestors had that were later lost by theirdescendants
	C.	Features in different groups of organisms that are not inheritedfrom a common ancestor
	D.	Features that appear only in a single group of organisms

Archaeopteryx lithographica and Tiktaalikroseae are examples of:

	A.	Fossils that show early forms of multicellular life in thePrecambrian
	B.	Transitional fossils that document the origin of evolutionaryinnovations
	C.	Index fossils that are used to identify the age of rocks
	D.	Living species that retain primitive characteristics

champagnemoose571

BIO SCI 94 Midterm: Bio94 Midterm 2 Key Ideas

BIO SCI 94 Full Course Notes

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