BSCI 207 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Horizontal Gene Transfer, Molecular Phylogenetics, Oryzomyini
22 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
Tree thinking: phylogeny - the evolutionary history of a species or group of species. Discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their: hierarchical classification. Linnaean classification at each lever or rank, species are placed into. Species < genus < family < order < class < phylum < kingdom. Darwins tree of life taxa changing along branches. Why trees? (b. 2. a. 1) tell the pattern of relationships, ancestral descent (b. 2. a. 2) patterns could reveal divergence when new species/traits evolve: anatomy of phylogeny. Phylogenetic trees trace possible evolutionary relationships between some. Nodes represent common ancestor: cladistics methods to estimate phylogenies. Groups that include ancestral species and all its descendants. Shared traits result form shared ancestry which define the clade. Monophyletic consists of ancestral species and all descendants. Polyphyletic taxa with different ancestors: definitions. Analogy traits derived though convergent evolution rather than shared. Homologous - similar due to shared ancestry: phylogenetics. Using genetic data may provide unbiased means of building trees.
