UGC 112 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Last Roman Emperor, Hugo Grotius, Jean Bodin
3 Dec 2017
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// political change in europe: europe had a state system. Made political reunification of western europe unthinkable. Various european states solidified political independence & exerted more control over inhabitants. In middle ages -> focus on reviving unity of ancient roman empire. Holy roman empire of the german nation. Emperor charles v -> last world emperor . Attempt to impose religious uniformity failed -> roman catholicism: power of individual european states increased rulers" power against rivals to authority & states" power over their citizens. Treaty of westphalia 1648 -> gave rulers right to impose religions on their subjects. Monarchs won civil wars -> cities & churches surrendered privileges of self- government. Aristocracies -> close collaborators in royal power. Glorious revolution 1688 1689 -> turned britain into europe"s most fiscally efficient state. Installed rulers who fought expensive wars: spain failed. Weakly united monarchy -> several distinct states with their own languages & laws. Linked by imperfect allegiance to a single dynasty.
