BIO 200 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Ionizing Radiation, Selective Breeding, Genetic Recombination

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copperpanda69

1 Dec 2014

School

University at Buffalo

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIO 200

Professor

A L L

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Related Questions

1) The MC1R gene is involved in determining skin pigmentation inhumans and many animals. This gene encodes 317 amino acids. Amutation in the 84th amino acid codon causes a change from asparticacid to glutamic acid, which causes melanoma. Nearby, a mutation inthe 92nd amino acid is one cause of red hair, and causes a changefrom valine to methionine. What types of mutations are these (veryspecifically)? Which type of mutation should be more common, andwhy? Finally, why hasn

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Which statement is not correct?

Mutations change the sequence of nucleotides in DNA.

Mutations can be caused by mistakes made during the copying ofDNA.

Mutations can be caused by toxic chemicals in theenvironment.

Mutations are not random.

Mutations can change the function of proteins.

Mutations are the basis for all of the genetic diversity thatexists.

Which statement is not correct?

Chromosomes contain genes.

Chromosomes are made of DNA wrapped around protein.

Eukaryotes have many, linear chromosomes in their cells.

Different species can have a different number ofchromosomes.

DNA is made by putting a string of amino acids together.

Which statement is not correct?

Cells with homologous chromosomes are diploid

Cells with homologous chromosomes are haploid

Gametes are haploid

Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes in theirnucleus.

Which is not a good example of alleles?

Brown hair and red hair, for the hair gene.

Stripes and no stripes, for a striped gene.

Ear lobe gene and freckles gene.

Straight nose and pug nose, for a nose gene.

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1.) Choose the best response for each.

a.) The Ames test is commonly used to test whether a particular chemical is mutagenic. When you conduct an Ames test, you need two groups of plates. One group of plates contains bacteria that are exposed to the chemical of interest, while the other plates contain bacteria that are not exposed to the chemical. Why is the latter group needed if you are just interested in the rate of mutation caused by the chemical?

The group without the chemical can be exposed to mammalian liver extract to see the effects of liver enzymes on the bacteria.

Having two groups allows researchers to compare the effects of different environments on the mutation rate

It is important to compare the rate of mutations with the chemical to the normal background mutation rate. Mutations occur spontaneously even without the presence of a mutagen.

The second group is used as a control to make sure that the replica plating technique is done correctly.

b.) Frameshift mutations can be very severe. What is one reason why they are often so serious?

When a frameshift mutation occurs, it causes transition mutations to occur. These are particularly severe.

When a frameshift mutation occurs, it causes changes in many bases downstream and can affect many of the amino acids in the protein.

Frameshift mutations always occur in the regulatory region, so they cause a gene to be turned off and then the protein is not produced at all.

When a frameshift mutation occurs, it causes changes in many bases upstream and can affect many of the amino acids in the protein.

c.) An organism that cannot synthesize methionine is called __________.

a mutant

a prototroph