1. What reaction is catalyzed by reverse transcriptase and used in the laboratory to generate cDNA?
a. transcription of RNA to DNA
b. transcription of DNA to RNA
c. conversion of ribonucleotides into deoxyribonucleotides
d. translation of RNA to DNA
e. conversion of a ribonucleotide to a DNA double helix
2. In eukaryotic cells, _________determine the amount of mRNA arising from a particular gene.
a. transcriptional-level controls
b. RNA processing-level controls
c. translational-level controls
d. replication-level controls
e. b and c
3. In eukaryotic cells, _________determine how a primary transcript is converted to mature mRNA
a. transcriptional-level controls
b. RNA processing-level controls
c. translational-level controls
d. replication-level controls
e. a and d
4. In eukaryotic cells, _________determine when a particular mRNA is actually used in protein synthesis.
a. transcriptional-level controls
b. RNA processing-level controls
c. translational-level controls
d. replication-level controls
e. None of the above because protein synthesis takes place immediately
5. Under what circumstances do cells selectively activate and suppress their genes?
a. at different stages of embryonic development
b. in different tissues
c. exposure to different types of stimuli
d. No such circumstances exist in nature—cells express all their genes throughout life.
e. a, b and c
6. Which statement about the control of gene expression is FALSE?
a. A single gene may be controlled by different transcription factors.
b. A single transcription factor may be necessary for the expression of different genes.
c. Each cell type has a characteristic pattern of gene transcription, which is determined by the particular complement of transcription factors contained in that cell.
d. Expression of protein genes is primarily controlled in nucleoli
e. Control of gene transcription is complex and influenced by various circumstances.
7. What is thought to maintain X chromosome inactivation in females?
a. DNA acetylation
b. DNA methylation
c. RNA inactivation
d. Histone methylation
e. None of the above because both X chromosomes are active in females and males.
