BIO 327 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Cytosol, Chromosomal Inversion, Nuclear Pore
Document Summary
The central dogma of molecular biology is dna(replication)----(transcription)---> rna---(translation)----> protein. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have endosymbiont origins, as they have their own dna and a double membrane. Acids- release protons when dissolved in water [h+] Condensation reactions: expels a molecule of water as the bond is formed. Hydrolysis reactions: consumes a molecule of water as it breaks the bond. 2 monosaccharides can be joined with a glycosidic bond to form a disaccharide. Form rings with lots of protons and hydroxyls. They tend to aggregate and remain immiscible in water. Sterols are lipids that are important for membrane and steroid hormones. Ionic and polar substances tend to be hydophilic. Lipids serve as a concentrated food reserve in cells. Carboxylic acid group and amino acid group connected to alpha carbon. Peptide bonds are formed between amino acids through condensation reactions. Svedburg determined the polymeric nature of proteins by ultracentrifugation. General types of amino acids: acidic, basic, uncharged polar, nonpolar.
