BIO 203 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Resting Potential, Electrochemical Gradient, Cell Membrane

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lemonyellowjacket20

18 Jun 2019

School

Stony Brook University

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 203

Professor

A L L

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Document Summary

Question 1 - at a chemical synapse, the release of neurotransmitter occurs in response to a graded depolarization of the synaptic terminal. An action potential propagating down an axon does not invade an the synaptic terminal because the plasma membrane in the synaptic terminal does not contain voltage-gated na+ channels. However, the depolarization in the axon spreads electrotonically into the synaptic terminal as a graded depolarization (i. e. , graded potential). The graded depolarization is sensed by voltage-gated ca++ channels in the plasma membrane of the synaptic terminal which then open allowing ca++ to enter the synaptic terminal down its electrochemical gradient. The resulting elevated [ca++] inside the synaptic terminal triggers exocytosis of synaptic vesicles and the release of neurotransmitter. Question 2 ): - you discover a drug that prevents voltage-gated na+ channel inactivation gates from opening when they are closed but has no effect on inactivation gates when they are open.

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2. Does our understanding of neural networks adequately explain the complex functions of the human nervous system? In your answer, you should include such terms as emergent properties, affective behaviors, cognitive behaviors, neurons (and the functional anatomy of each of its sections), action potentials, graded potentials, electrochemical gradient, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, voltage-gated Na+ channel, voltage-gated K+ channel, Na+ /K+ -ATPase, EPSP, IPSP, temporal summation, spatial summation, trigger zone of the axon hillock, myelination, salutatory conduction, nodes of Ranvier, axon terminal, voltage-gated Ca+ channel, synaptic vesicle, neurotransmitter, and synapse. You should be able to describe a few nervous pathologies, how they arise, and how they affect normal organismal function.

If extracellular calcium was absent, which would likely be true?

Vesicles containing neurotransmitter would not merge with the plasma membrane.

An action potential could not propagate itself down the axon.

Voltage-gated calcium channels would not open on the synaptic knob.

The electrochemical gradient for sodium would be destroyed.

greenhound323

From the following list, select all options that are correctwith respect to the synapse.

Question 5 options:

A)	the synapse is the site where the plasma membrane that coversthe axon terminal of one neuron makes direct contact with and fusesto the plasma membrane on the cell body or dendrite of anotherneuron

B)	the action potential travels through extracellular fluid in thesynapse to get from one neuron to the next

C)	presynaptic nerve terminals release chemical messengers into thesynapse in response to arrival of an action potential

D)	signaling molecules in the synapse can be broken down by enzymesthat are present on the post synaptic cell membrane

E)	signaling molecules in the synapse can bind to 're-uptake'receptors and be taken back into the presynaptic neuron forbreakdown or for repackaging/reuse

F)	signaling molecules can be taken into and degraded within thepostsynaptic cell

G)	signaling molecules in the synapse function as chemicalmessengers that regulate the opening of ligand-gated channels inthe plasma membranes of post synaptic cells

graymink444

BIO 203 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Resting Potential, Electrochemical Gradient, Cell Membrane

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