BIO 201 Study Guide - Comprehensive Final Exam Guide - Evolution, Natural Selection, Sperm
20 Nov 2018
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Document Summary
Mendel"s law of independent assortment is about statistical independence. Each additional chromosome in the genome means that more chromosome orientations are possible, resulting more gamete diversity. Number of chromosome orientations = 2 ^(number of chromosome pairs) Recombination of homologous chromosomes adds even more gamete diversity than chromosome orientation alone. Recombination combined with independent assortment = a lot of genetic diversity + mutations. They were once homologous and some homologous regions remain. Autosomal chromosomes - the remaining chromosomes (22 pairs in humans) Mothers can pass on either x to offspring. Few genes = related to sperm and testes production. Fathers only pass his y to sons. Males can never be homozygous or heterozygous on the sex chromosomes. A chromosome in a diploid organism is hemizygous when only one copy is present. Sex-linked inheritance - phenotypes more common in one sex than the other. Most sex-linked genes are on the x chromosome.
