BIO 105- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 54 pages long!)
Document Summary
All structures are made of chemicals (the anatomy component, form) All functions rely on chemical reactions (the physiology component, function: matter: elements. Matter: the stuff, how much of it is mass. Atoms: very small, 0. 1 nm = 100 million per cm. Chemical: how reactive it is with others. Atomic symbol: 1 or 2 letters, often from latin. 96% if body mass: oxygen (o), carbon (c), hydrogen (h), nitrogen (n) Other biologically important elements: calcium (ca), phosphorus (p), potassium (k), sulfur (s), sodium (na), Chlorine (cl), magnesium (mg), iodine (i), iron (fe: atomic structure (nucleus and electrons) Protons: p+, determine identity of the actual element (ie. if it is oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, etc. ), unique properties, heavy (has the same mass as neutrons) Neutrons: n, determine isotopes (does not always mean it is radioactive, however, the more neutrons, the more likely it is radioactive), heavy (has the same mass as protons) Electrons: e-, outer shell (valence) determines reactivity.
