BIO 150 Study Guide - Final Guide: Rheumatic Fever, Atrioventricular Node, Purkinje Fibers

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goldcod264

12 Dec 2017

School

Quinnipiac University

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 150

Professor

Linda Iadarola;

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Document Summary

Organization: heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, capillary beds: networks of vessels that infiltrate tissues to bring blood very close to individual cells, venules, veins. Stroke volume: amount of blood pumped by ventricle in a single contraction: average stroke volume: 70ml. Blood pressure reading of 120/80 indicates: the ventricles have higher pressure during contraction while the arteries have lower pressure. Recording of impulses sent from sa nodes (pacemaker cells) through av node to bundle branches and purkinje fibers. Delay between sa node and av node allows atria to completely empty before ventricular contraction. Pacemaker (sa node) changes signaling frequency in response to activity or hormone signaling (epinephrine/norepinephrine = fight/flight); even body temperature (fever = higher heart rate) 55% plasma: water, ions, proteins, nutrients, waste, gases, hormones. Carry o2 from lungs to cells and tissues. Iron from erythrocytes returned to bone marrow and recycled into new red blood cells. 5 types, also called leukocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes.

Related Questions

Which one of the following IS NOT a function of the Human Circulatory System?

mounting a response to invading microorganisms

transporting hormones

Which one of the following paths shows the correct pathway for blood in the blood vessels?

Arteries -> Veins -> Capillaries -> Venules -> Arterioles

Arteries -> Arterioles -> Capillaries -> Venules -> Veins

Capillaries -> Veins -> Venules -> Arterioles -> Arteries

Veins -> Venules -> Capillaries -> Arteries -> Arterioles

A Heart Murmur is a defect in one or more heart valves that permits a backflow of blood and reduces the Blood volume output of the Heart.

True

False

rubyeel26

Question 1. Increased peripheral edema could be caused by:

a. blocked lymph vessels

b. decreased capillary blood pressure

c. increased concentration of albumin in the blood

d. slowed heart rate

Question 2. The pulse pressure of a healthy student is most likely to be:

a. 5 mm Hg

b. 30 mm Hg

c. 95 mm Hg

d. 120 mm Hg

Question 3. beta-blockers inhibit the activity of beta-adrenergic receptors and change the function of the heart by:

a. increasing heart rate and increasing contractility

b. increasing heart rate and decreasing contractility

c. decreasing heart rate and increasing contractility

d. decreasing heart rate and decreasing contractility

Question 4. In cardiac pacemaker cells, the L-type calcium channels:

a. open during diastole

b. close when the membrane potential rises above threshold

c. are located in the cell membrane

d. pump Ca2+ ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 5. Dr. Campbell used an elliptical trainer for 40 minutes at the gym. Although the workload remained constant, Dr. Campbellâs heart-rate rose to 150 beats per minute during the first 5 minutes, stayed at that level for the next 25 minutes and then started to rise. It was 180 beats per minute at the end of the exercise period.

What was the time interval between QRS complexes when Dr. Campbellâs heart rate was 180 beats per minute?

a. 3.3 ms

b. 33 ms

c. 333 ms

d. 3333 ms

Question 6. In the question 5 above, Dr. Campbellâs heart rate is most likely to have risen during the last 10 minutes of exercise because his:

a. lungs were becoming congested

b. atrial cells were fatigued

c. extracellular Ca2+ concentration had increased

d. hematocrit increased due to sweating

Question 7. A Physiology student is sitting still in a cold igloo. After 30 minutes, she stands up, walks slowly around the igloo, and suddenly starts to shiver.

The student preserved their core temperature while they were sitting by:

a. depressing their Frank-Starling mechanism

b. decreasing the extracellular Ca2+ concentration

c. relaxing smooth muscles in their peripheral circulation

d. increasing the resistance of arterioles in their arms and legs

Question 8. In the question 7 above, the student started to shiver soon after walking because:

a. their atria started to fibrillate

b. their ventricles started to fibrillate

c. blood moved to the periphery, became cold, and chilled the core when it returned to the chest

d. the ATP concentration in their skeletal muscles had dropped to zero

Please use the following scenario for answering the questions 9 and 10.

A newly discovered drug binds to myosin molecules in cardiac muscle (and nowhere else) and increases the probability that myosin molecules in ventricular cells will bind to actin filaments when the intracellular Ca2+ concentration rises. The drug is being tested as a potential therapy for patients with heart failure.

Question 9. This drug might help people who have low cardiac output by:

a. increasing peripheral resistance

b. increasing the force developed by ventricular cells

c. increasing the isovolumic contraction time

d. increasing heart rate

Question 10. The increased binding of cardiac myosin molecules to actin might prevent the drug from being a useful treatment by:

a. slowing ventricular relaxation

b. decreasing the duration of systole

c. decreasing resistance of capillaries

d. slowing heart rate

crimsoncrab890

True of False: Freshwater environments have a higher concentration of oxygen than saltwater environments.

QUESTION 2 If the difference in partial pressure of gas on either side of the barrier to diffusion is 0, which of these events will occur?

The area for gas exchange will increase to accommodate this similarity.

The constant for diffusion will decrease.

The rate of diffusion will be 0.

The distance thickness of the barrier to diffusion will also be 0.

QUESTION 3 On the x-axis of the oxygenâhemoglobin equilibrium curve is the partial pressure of oxygen in tissues. Which type of blood is most likely to be represented by the right-hand side of the axis? (Hint: the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium curve is figure 45.14 in your book on pg 913)

blood found in the left ventricle

blood found in the right atrium

blood found in the superior vena cava

blood found in the inferior vena cava

QUESTION 4 Which of these is an example of pulmonary circulation?

Blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Blood is pumped from the left ventricle to the aorta.

Blood is pumped from the aorta to the cardiac vein.

Blood is pumped from the inferior vena cava to the right atrium.

QUESTION 5 O2 will diffuse from blood to tissue faster in response to which of the following conditions?

an increase in the PO2 of the tissue

a decrease in the PO2 of the tissue

an increase in the thickness of the capillary wall

a decrease in the surface area of the capillary

QUESTION 6 Which of the following promotes oxygen release from hemoglobin?

a decrease in temperature

a decrease in carbon dioxide levels

a decrease in pH

a decrease in carbonic anhydrase

QUESTION 7 How does the medulla oblongata sense the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood?

A. Carbonic anhydrase produced by cells performing cellular respiration is exported and travels though the blood, and binds to a receptor on the medullary respiratory center, which causes a signal amplification resulting in a change in gene expression which results in the production of proteins that will cause the diaphragm to contract

B. CO2 produced by cells performing cellular respiration reacts with blood plasma for form an acid, which increases the pH of the blood, which causes the medullary respiratory center to contract the diaphragm

C. CO2 produced by cells performing cellular respiration reacts with blood plasma for form an acid, which decreases the pH of the blood, which causes the medullary respiratory center to contract the diaphragm

D. A and B

E. A and C

QUESTION 8 Which of the following parts of the lung are considered "dead space"? A. The alveoli B. The trachea C. The bronchi D. B and C E. All of the above

QUESTION 9 Which of the following blood vessels have the thinnest walls?

arteries

arterioles

capillaries

venules

veins

QUESTION 10 How does the interstitial fluid return to the bloodstream?

A. Interstitial fluid flows into the capillary where the osmotic pressure driving fluid into the bloodstream is greater than the blood pressure driving fluid out of the blood

B. Interstitial fluid flows into the capillary where the blood pressure driving fluid into the bloodstream is greater than the osmotic pressure driving fluid out of the blood

C. Interstitial fluid leaves the tissue via lymphatic ducts and travels through the lymphatic system, which returns the fluid to the veins. D. A and C

E. B and C

QUESTION 11 True or False: When an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) shows a flat line (aka asystole), medical personnel will restart the heart using a defibrillator.

azureprairie-dog128

BIO 150 Study Guide - Final Guide: Rheumatic Fever, Atrioventricular Node, Purkinje Fibers

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