PSYC 227 Study Guide - Final Guide: Autism Spectrum, Autism, Dysgraphia
22 May 2018
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Final Review Psyc 227
Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood
● Learning Disabilities - Difficulty in learning that involves understanding or using spoken or
written language, and the difficulty can appear in listening, thinking, reading, writing, and
spelling
○ Boys classified 3x more than girls
○ Dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia
○ ADHD- inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
■ Diagnosed children increased substantially
■ Causes- Genetics, brain damage, prenatal cig/alc exposure, low birth weight
○ Emotional & Behavioral Disorders
■ Serious persistent problems that involve relationships aggression, depression, and
fears associated with personal or school matters
○ Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)- Biological basis, Autistic disorder or aspergers
○ Intellectual Disability- IQ below 70 and difficulty adapting to everyday life
○ Giftedness- IQ above 130 or superior talent
● Effects of disability-
○ Psychosocial- fewer friends, bullying, low self esteem , decline in grades
○ Family- divorce, parental stress,
● Piagets Cognitive Developmental Theory
○ Concrete operational stage- 7 to 11
○ Children can reason logically
○ Seriation- the ability to order stimuli along a quantitative dimension
○ Transitivity- ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions
● Information processing-
○ Memory- long term memory increases with age during middle and late childhood
○ Fuzzy Trace theory- verbatim memory trace, gist
○ Critical thinking- thinking reflectively and productively
○ Creative thinking- the ability to think in novel and unusual ways and to come up with
unique solutions to problems
● Intelligence
○ Sternbergs Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
■ Analytical intelligence- ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare and contrasts
■ Creative intelligence- ability to create, design, invent, originate, imagine
■ Practical intelligence- ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas to practice
○ Gardners Eight Frames of Mind-
■ Verbal- ability to think in words and use language to express meaning
■ Mathematical- carry out math operations
■ Spatial- ability to think 3D
■ Bodily-Kinesthetic- manipulate objects
■ Musical- sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone
■ Interpersonal- understand and interact with others
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Document Summary
Chapter 9: cognitive development in middle and late childhood. Learning disabilities - difficulty in learning that involves understanding or using spoken or written language, and the difficulty can appear in listening, thinking, reading, writing, and spelling. Causes- genetics, brain damage, prenatal cig/alc exposure, low birth weight. Serious persistent problems that involve relationships aggression, depression, and fears associated with personal or school matters. Autism spectrum disorders (asd)- biological basis, autistic disorder or aspergers. Giftedness- iq above 130 or superior talent. Intellectual disability- iq below 70 and difficulty adapting to everyday life. Psychosocial- fewer friends, bullying, low self esteem , decline in grades. Seriation- the ability to order stimuli along a quantitative dimension. Transitivity- ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions. Memory- long term memory increases with age during middle and late childhood. Fuzzy trace theory- verbatim memory trace, gist. Creative thinking- the ability to think in novel and unusual ways and to come up with unique solutions to problems.
