KNH 102 Study Guide - Final Guide: Clostridium, Norovirus, Foodborne Illness
7 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Complete proteins: the dna of a gene dictates the structure of each protein. Complementary proteins: two protein sources that together supply all nine essential amino acids. We cannot make the 9 essential amino acids. Stomach acids and enzymes break proteins into short polypeptides. Digestion of proteins continues in small intestine, where the polypeptides are broken down. Proteases complete digestion of proteins into single amino acids. Two amino acids make up a dipeptide. Gluconeogenesis: a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates, like pyruvate, lactate, and glycerol. Denaturation: when proteins lose their folded structure and cease to function. Occurs in liver and muscle during mild hyperthermia. Chemical components: carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Fructose: sweetest sugar, found in fruits and honey. Glucose: mild sweet flavor, known as blood sugar, found in every disaccharide and polysaccharide. Galactose: hardly sweet, rarely found naturally as a single sugar, main sugar in breast milk.
