BIO 115 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Ploidy, Dna, Bacteria
BIO 115
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
1. Nature of Science
What is science?
oWay to understand natural world
Innate curiosity
Something you're born with
oBased on principles of logic and reason
oUncertain but not unreliable
Can't say this is 100% happening, have lots of evidence though
oSubject to constant revision
oCreativity and imagination are important qualities
STEAM VS STEM
Arts vs science/tech/engineering
Uncertainty
oWe can't escape uncertainty in biology
oSome scientific disciplines have more concrete answers
Biologists study LIFE
oAll living things are related
The unity and diversity of life
Homeostasis
Need water
Reproduce
oAll levels of organization
Molecular, cellular, organismal, population, ecosystem
oDepends on available tools
Genetic technology driving new disciplines
Unifying Themes of Biology
1. Organization (Largest)
2. Ecosystems
3. Communities
4. Populations
5. Organisms
6. Organ/Organ System
7. Tissues
8. Cells
9. Organelles
10. Molecules (Smallest)
oOrganization
Cells are the simplest unit of life
Every living thing has a cell membrane (Selective barrier)
Prokaryotic Cell- no nucleus ➝ bacteria, archaea
Eukaryotic Cell- Nucleus ➝ Plants, animals (have mitochondria)
Cytoplasm- gel interior
Enzymes- proteins
Ribosomes- make protein
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
DNA ➝ Transcription ➝ RNA ➝ Translation ➝ chain AA ➝ Protein
folding ➝ protein
oInformation processing
DNA, RNA, protein
oEnergy and Matter
Light energy ➝ Chemical energy ➝ heat (we get it from eating chemicals)
ENERGY FLOWS NUTRIENTS CYCLE
oInteractions
With each other and the environment
Leaves fall ➝ water breaks up ➝ animals eat leaves ➝ leaves take in CO2
and air and release O2 ➝ leaves absorb sun
oEvolution
Explains unity and diversity of life
Many species
Mechanism of evolution: Darwin and Natural Selection
Domain Bacteria ➝ most abundant/ most diverse
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Protists
How do we know these things?
oTesting. Discovered in 1950s
How do we know that HIV causes AIDS
Knowledge vs Information (textbook, google scholar, cdc, nasa)
Inquiry
oProcess to gain knowledge or solve problems
Observation
oSkills are important
Collect Data
oQuantitative and Qualitative
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
What is science: way to understand natural world. Something you"re born with: based on principles of logic and reason, uncertain but not unreliable. Can"t say this is 100% happening, have lots of evidence though: subject to constant revision, creativity and imagination are important qualities. Uncertainty: we can"t escape uncertainty in biology, some scientific disciplines have more concrete answers. Biologists study life: all living things are related. Molecular, cellular, organismal, population, ecosystem: depends on available tools. Unifying themes of biology: organization (largest, ecosystems, communities, populations, organisms, organ/organ system, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules (smallest, organization. Cells are the simplest unit of life. Every living thing has a cell membrane (selective barrier) Eukaryotic cell- nucleus plants, animals (have mitochondria) Dna transcription rna translation chain aa protein folding protein: information processing. Dna, rna, protein: energy and matter. Light energy chemical energy heat (we get it from eating chemicals)
