COMD 2081 : Final Study Guide
Document Summary
Ribs: 12 pairs that form a cylinder-like structure. Neck muscles (strap muscles): used in elevating the rib cage for respiration. Trachea: tube formed by about 20 rings of cartilage (cartilage rings are for support for the airway but also give the airway flexibility for movement). Passageway for oxygen to enter and carbon dioxide to leave. Lower airway: trachea- a tube of 20 cartilage rings. Breathe in: chest muscles pull ribs up and out; diaphragm moves down. Breathe out: chest muscles relax; diaphragm moves up to push air out of lungs. The muscles relax, your ribs move down and your diaphragm moves up to squeeze air out. Plays a major role in breathing because the lungs rest on it. Diaphragm: thick, dome shaped muscle that forms the floor of to thoracic (chest) cavity. The larynx is a valve (opens and closes) that: Used for coughing reflex and increasing subglottal pressure for childbirth, excretion and lifting heavy weights.
