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BI110 Study Guide - Final Guide: Exocytosis, Endocytosis, Membrane Protein

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erinclam627
8 Dec 2016
School
WLU
Department
Biology
Course
BI110
Professor
Matthew Smith

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Document Summary

The largest molecules that can be transported by passive and active transport are the size of amino acids and glucose. Exocytosis and endocytosis move larger molecules & particles in and out of cells. Substances are shuttled into, out of, and within a cell through vesicles. Cells use vesicles to move large materials across their membranes. Vesicles: membrane bound structure that distinguishes endocytosis and exocytosis from diffusion or protein transport. In exocytosis, substances are directed out of a cell to be secreted by fusing a vesicle to the cell membrane. Allows the cell to secrete a wide variety of materials from inside the cell to the external environment. Different types of cells secrete hormones, digestive enzymes, neurotransmitters, extracellular matrix and other molecules. Are packaged into vesicles before being shipped out of the cell. The vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane (where substances carried to within vesicles), releasing its contents to cell exterior. Proteins in vesicle membrane become part of phospholipid membrane.

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Related Questions

Fill in the blank assignment

Biological membranes are primarily formed from two types oforganic molecules, (16)______, composed of amino acids and(17)_____, composed of phosphates, glycerol and fatty acids.Membranes are (18)___ ____ to molecules allowing some to freelypass through and restricting or preventing the passage of others.Molecules may cross membranes on their own moving from areas ofhigher to lower concentration, with no expenditure of externalenergy, in a process called (19)____. Protein molecules that spanthe membrane may assist or carry other molecules across themembrane, (20)_____ _____, also from areas of higher to lowerconcentration. (21)____ _____ moves molecules across membranes fromareas of lower to higher concentration with the use of energy inthe form of ATP. As opposed to the process of passive transport,illustrated by answers (19) and (20), molecules move against their(22) ______ _______.

If you compare two situations on either side of a cellularmembrane, they are said to be (23)_____ if their soluteconcentrations are equal. Solutions that have higher soluteconcentrations are (24)_____ when compared to solutions with lowersolute concentrations, (25)______. If molecules or substances aretoo large to pass through membranes on their own or with the use ofprotein carriers, vesicles may help to move these materials in orout of the cell as vesicles fuse with or pinch off membranes. This(26)____ ____ of materials is called (27)____ if materials aremoved into cells. The transport of lage solids or "cell-eating" is(28)_____. Entry of liquids is termed (29)____ or "cell drinking."Movement of materials out of the cell is (30)_____.

Biological membranes are primarily formed from two types oforganic molecules, (16)______, composed of amino acids and(17)_____, composed of phosphates, glycerol and fatty acids.Membranes are (18)___ ____ to molecules allowing some to freelypass through and restricting or preventing the passage of others.Molecules may cross membranes on their own moving from areas ofhigher to lower concentration, with no expenditure of externalenergy, in a process called (19)____. Protein molecules that spanthe membrane may assist or carry other molecules across themembrane, (20)_____ _____, also from areas of higher to lowerconcentration. (21)____ _____ moves molecules across membranes fromareas of lower to higher concentration with the use of energy inthe form of ATP. As opposed to the process of passive transport,illustrated by answers (19) and (20), molecules move against their(22) ______ _______.

If you compare two situations on either side of a cellularmembrane, they are said to be (23)_____ if their soluteconcentrations are equal. Solutions that have higher soluteconcentrations are (24)_____ when compared to solutions with lowersolute concentrations, (25)______. If molecules or substances aretoo large to pass through membranes on their own or with the use ofprotein carriers, vesicles may help to move these materials in orout of the cell as vesicles fuse with or pinch off membranes. This(26)____ ____ of materials is called (27)____ if materials aremoved into cells. The transport of lage solids or "cell-eating" is(28)_____. Entry of liquids is termed (29)____ or "cell drinking."Movement of materials out of the cell is (30)_____.

1,Match the descriptions to the type of transport.

- A. B. C.

Water enters a cell because it is hypertonic compared to the extracellular environment, increasing its turgor pressure
- A. B. C.

Water enters guard cells because the guard cells are hypertonic compared to the surrounding cells
- A. B. C.

Potassium ions are pumped into guard cells
- A. B. C.

The motor cells of a Venus fly trap are hypotonic compared to surrounding cells, causing water to leave the motor cells
- A. B. C.

Sugar is loaded into the phloem
A.

Both active and passive transport
B.

Passive Transport
C.

Active transport

2,Describe what is wrong with the following statement and explain why:

All prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain plasma membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, organelles, cytoplasm, and cell walls.

What is short-distance transport?

a,

The movement of solutes from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration

b,The movement of water, nutrients, and other substances between cells
c,

The movement of substances from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
d,

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration.

What terms describe the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high water concentration towards a region of low water concentration (and high solute concentration.)

What is found in the proptoplasm?

Cell wall, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, nucleus, and other cell organelles

Plasmodesmata, cell wall, and plasma membrane

Cell wall, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane

Cytoplasm, nucleus, and other cell organelles

The channels that allow nutrients and protoplasm to pass between plant cells are called _________________.

What happens when a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

Water will enter the plant cell and the plasma membrane will swell and cell lysis will occur

Water will leave the plant cell and the plasma membrane will pull away from the cell and plasmolysis will occur

Water will enter the plant cell and the plasma membrane will swell and push against the cell wall

Water will leave the plant cell and the plant cell will lose turgor pressure, causing the plant to wilt

________________ transport uses cellular energy.

What molecules make plasma cell membranes hydrophilic on the outside and hydrophobic on the inside?

What type of cells do plants have?

Bacterial

Archaeic

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic