Kinesiology 2222A/B Study Guide - Final Guide: Inferior Vena Cava, Pulmonary Valve, Heart Valve
16 Dec 2015
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Anatomy Lecture 22 2015-12-01 8:18:00 PM
3 Circulatory Circuits:
• Pulmonary Circuit
o Primary role of the heart
o Brings blood to the lungs from the heart
▪ Pulmonary = lungs
o The blood becomes reoxygenated and then returns back to
the heart
o Primary responsibility of the right side of the heart → pumps
the blood to the lungs and back to the heart
o The blood also drops off C02
o Pulmonary blood pressure is not as high as systemic → it is
15 mmhg of mercury
• Systemic Circuit
o Provides blood to the rest of the body, excluding the heart
and the lungs → skeletal muscles, organs
o Left side of the heart that pumps the blood out to the rest of
the body (not heart/lungs)
o Has to have enough power to pump blood through the entire
systemic circuit and back to the heart → pressure is about 90
(120/80 is normal bp)
• Coronary Circuit
o The heart itself
o The blood that gets to the heart
o The heart can’t function without this blood
o Important aspect of heart function → when this circuit fails,
we have an impairment in all of the circuits of the heart
o Have arteries that bring blood through the heart and veins
that pick it up to bring it back to the heart
Heart Notes:
• Hearts use fat as a central energy source → therefore it stores lots
of fat around it
• Generates enough force to expel blood where it needs to go → if
one of these areas fail the heart is inadequate
• It doesn’t just squeeze in the middle of the body but rather it twists
very fast to squeeze the blood out quickly
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Anterior Aspect:
• Aorta
o Major vessel leaving the heart
o Thick walled → has to have thick walls to withstand a lot of
pressure
o Taking blood to the systemic circuit
o Branches so that blood can get to all parts of the body
• Pulmonary Artery:
o Brings blood to the lungs
o Is blue, although it is an artery because it is moving away
from the heart
• Superior Vena Cava:
o Collects the blood from above diaphragm
• Inferior Vena Cava:
o Collects the blood from below the diaphragm
• Pulmonary Veins:
o Bring blood from the lungs back to the heart
o 2 on each side → this can vary
• Coronary Arteries:
o Blood vessels around the heart
o Provide blood to the heart
o Part of the coronary circuit
Posterior Aspect:
• Right pulmonary Artery
• Left Pulmonary Artery
• Superior Vena Cava
• Inferior Vena Cava
• Right Pulmonary Veins
o Oxygenated blood to the pulmonary
• Left Pulmonary Veins
• Apex of the heart
o Bottom of the heart → blood goes to the bottom of the heart
o All of the arteries and the veins go to the top of the heart →
nothing goes to the bottom of the heart
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Internal Features of the heart:
• 4 chambers
o 2 on the left, 2 on the right → they are similar to each other
but not exactly the same
▪ 2 atria
▪ 2 ventricles
▪ 1 atria and 1 ventricle on each side of the heart
o Separated by the septum → separates a right and a left side
of the heart with one atria and one ventricle
o We separate the entrance and exits of these atria and
ventricles
▪ There is one semilunar valve and one AV valve on each
side of the heart
▪ Atrialventricular (AV) Valve → between the Atria and
the ventricles → there is a left and a right AV valve
which are on the same side of the heart as the name
▪ Semilunar valves control the blood leaving the
ventricles
▪ The left semilunar valve is sometimes called the aortic
valve
▪ The right semilunar valve is sometimes called the
pulmonary valve
▪ The AV valves differ in their number of cusps
The right AV valve has 3 cusps → sometimes
called the Tricuspid valve
The left AV valve has 2 cusps → sometimes called
the bicuspid valve or the mitral valve
Chambers and Valves:
• If you cut the heart a certain way you can see all 4 valves
• The first valve that blood passes through is the right AV valve →
blood cells are low in oxygen and they need more oxygen → will do
the inferior/superior vena cava → right atrium → right AV valve →
right ventricle → pulmonary valve/ right semilunar valve → heart
pumps → pulmonary artery → the lungs to get more oxygen →
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
