[HMB265H1] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (57 pages long!)

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HMB265H1 Full Course Notes

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Mutation- is the process whereby genes change from one allelic form to another. The creation of entirely new alleles can occur. Mutations can appear spontaneously on genes at any time in the organism or may be induced by a mutagen. Only mutations that took place on the germ line cells can be transmitted to the progeny, not somatic cells. Substitution- base is replaced by one of the other 3 bases. Deletion- block of one of more nucleotide (base) pairs is lost. Insertion- block of one of more nucleotide (base) pairs is added. Inversion- 180* rotation of a segment of dna. Chop, turn the sequence 180 degrees and ligate it back into dna sequence. Reciprocal translocation- parts of 2 nonhomologous chromosomes change places. Note: if it was a crossing over of homologous chromosomes, this would be known as recombination** Transition-a g (purine purine) (atgc) Transversion- a c (purine pyrimidine) (t g)

Related Questions

1. An occurrence of a gene made larger by trinucleotide repeats is:

Allelic expansion

Nucleotide expansion

Translocation mutation

Transformation

2. a chemical that can damage and/or change DNA is called a/an:

Allele

Endonuclease

Vector

Mutagen

3. An occurrence when a section of a chromosome relocates itself to an entirely different (non-homologous) chromosome is called a/an:

Inversion mutation

Translocation mutation

Transformation mutation

Duplication mutation

4. The tandem repeat in the sequence GGGAAGGGAAGGGAAGGGAAGGGAAG is:

GGA

GGGAA

GGAAG

GGAAGGG

A disease characterized by abnormally shaped hemoglobin is called:

Cystic Fibrosis

Sickle Cell Anemia

Marfan Syndrome

Leukemia

5. A point mutation that causes a substitution of a stop codon with an amino acid and leads to the formation of a longer protein is a:

Nonsense mutation

Missense mutation

Sense mutation

Frameshift mutation

6. Addition or deletion of nucleotides in a DNA sequence is known as a:

Nonsense mutation

Missense mutation

Sense mutation

Frameshift mutation

7. The least severe type of chromosomal mutation is:

Point

Frameshift

Inversion

Translocation

8. Chemicals inserting themselves into DNA can cause a:

Missense mutation

Nonsense mutation

Sense mutation

Frameshift mutation

9. A genetic condition caused by allelic expansion is:

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Fragile X syndrome

Alkaptonuria

Galactosemia

10. Which of the following is most likely the original DNA strand if the mutated DNA strand is ATAGUUGATGUA ?

ATAGAAGATGAA

ATAGCCGATGCA

ATAGGGGATGGA

ATAGTTGATGTA

11. An unbalanced chromosomal mutation would include a/an:

duplication (insertion)

inversion

translocation

denaturation

12. Many translocation mutations are found to be involved with:

cancers

sickle cell anemia

Huntington disease

cystic fibrosis

13. A common repeat throughout the human genome that is approximately 300 bases in length is called a/an:

EcoRI repeat

Hind repeat

Exo repeat

Alu repeat

14. A balanced chromosomal mutation includes:

imprintation

denaturation

inversion

deletion

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[HMB265H1] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (57 pages long!)

HMB265H1 Full Course Notes

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