BIOC32H3 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Electrophysiology, Neurotransmitter, Opioid Epidemic

HELP WITH ALL QUESTIONS

1. Which condition occurs when the pressure in the eye is too high?

2. What lobe of the brain is required for vision?

3. Which division of the nervous system is "automatic"?

4. Which tube connects the ear with the back of the throat?

5. Which division of the nervous system is responsible for resting and digesting?

6. The cleft area between two neurons is called?

7. The photoreceptors more concentrated around periphery of the fovea are?

8. Which humor fills the anterior chamber?

9. The primary sensory area of the brain is located in which lobe?

10. The photoreceptor for color is called?

11. The unmyelinated area of a myelinated axon is called the node of?

12. The bundle of fibers that connects the hemispheres is called the?

13. A part of the brain associated with aggressiveness, and found to be larger than normal in sociopaths/psychopaths, is the?

14. The primary motor cortex is in which lobe of the brain?

15. Which lobe of the brain is essential to executive functions?

16. Neurons receive messages at their?

17. The part (not lobe) of the brain essential to memory is the?

18. What is commonly known as the “white of the eyes.”?

19. Neurons transmit information in the form of a nerve impulse along their?

20. The photoreceptors that work better under conditions of low light are?

21. Which humor fills the posterior chamber?

22. The fancy scientific term that includes all bones of the middle ear is the term?

EAP HW 23 – Metabolism and Energetics AND Urinary system

1) Define nutrients

2) Provide 6 examples of nutrients

3) Define energetics

4) Define metabolism

5) Define catabolism

6) Define anabolism

7)Provide 4 basic reasons why cells synthesize new organic components

8)Summarize the best way to carbohydrate load before an endurance sport.

9) Why do we need cholesterol?

10) My sister has high cholesterol levels but eats little cholesterol. How can this be?

11) What is a normal level of cholesterol?

12) Define low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) AND why are they considered “bad cholesterol”

13) Define high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) AND why are they considered “good cholesterol”

14) Define ketosis

15) Define ketoacidosis

16) Why can a diabetic display ketoacidosis?

17) Define nutrition

18) Do you think it’s odd that the Department of Agriculture is telling you what to eat? Explain.

19) Vegans (vegetarians who avoid all animal products) face a significant problem because vitamin _________ can be obtained only from animal products, or from fortified cereals or tofu.

20) Define minerals

21) Define vitamins

Urinary system

22) Provide the 3 major functions of the urinary system

23)Define nephron

24) Provide 3 functions of the nephron

25) Define reabsorption along the renal tubule

26) Define secretion along the renal tubule

27) Summarize how kidney failure is treated

28) Define incontinence

29) Can infants control their urine before 2 years old? Explain.

30) Define stress incontinence

31) Provide 7 age-related changes to the urinary system

Select 30 medical terms from the articles.

Complete the table in this document, like the Summary Tables in your textbook.

In the first column list the medical term.

In the second column, list any prefixes and define them.

In the third column, list the root and define it.

In the fourth column, list any suffixes and define them.

In the fifth column list the exact definition of the term.

NOTE: You many not use any medical terms that appear in any of the summary tables in your textbook.

Make sure to include references to the articles your terms come from.

1: Facelift Anatomy

With age, characteristic changes occur in the central third of the face. ^[1] A youthful midface is characterized by prominent cheeks and a smooth transition between the lower eyelid and cheek. Structural, soft tissue, and skin changes develop as wrinkles and creases, progressive ptosis, and general atrophy of the structures.

Pessa confirmed the changes seen in the bony structures of the face, and these include a downward migration of cephalometric points. ^[2] The downward migration manifests as a change in soft tissue volume. The effects of gravity and repeated animation of the face also directly affect the soft tissue that overlies the mimetic musculature.

The results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations have helped to determine that the mimetic muscles themselves remain intact; however, the attachment to the overlying soft tissue and skin changes. The repeated action of smiling results in deepening of the nasolabial fold at the point at which the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) inserts into the dermis.

2: Pancreas Anatomy

Embryology

The pancreas develops as 2 buds (outpouchings) of endoderm from the primitive duodenum at the junction of the foregut and the midgut. A small ventral bud (pouch) forms the lower (inferior) part of the head and the uncinate process of pancreas, whereas a large dorsal bud (pouch) forms the upper (0) part of the head as well as the body and tail of the pancreas. The ventral bud rotates behind the duodenum dorsally from right to left and fuses with the dorsal bud, and the duct of the distal part (body and tail) of the dorsal bud unites with the duct of the ventral bud to form the main pancreatic duct (of Wirsung). Because the common bile duct (CBD) also arises from the ventral bud, it forms a common channel with the main pancreatic duct. The remaining proximal part (head) of the duct of the dorsal bud remains as the accessory pancreatic duct (of Santorini).

3: Conduction System of the Heart

The conducting system of the heart consists of cardiac muscle cells and conducting fibers (not nervous tissue) that are specialized for initiating impulses and conducting them rapidly through the heart (see the image below). They initiate the normal cardiac cycle and coordinate the contractions of cardiac chambers. Both atria contract together, as do the ventricles, but atrial contraction occurs first.

The conducting system provides the heart its automatic rhythmic beat. For the heart to pump efficiently and the systemic and pulmonary circulations to operate in synchrony, the events in the cardiac cycle must be coordinated.

4:Spleen Anatomy

Overview

The spleen is an organ shaped like a shoe that lies relative to the 9th and 11th ribs and is located in the left hypochondrium and partly in the epigastrium. Thus, the spleen is situated between the fundus of the stomach and the diaphragm. The spleen is very vascular and reddish purple in color; its size and weight vary. A healthy spleen is not palpable.

Development

The spleen develops in the cephalic part of dorsal mesogastrium (from its left layer; during the sixth week of intrauterine life) into a number of nodules that fuse and form a lobulated spleen. Notching of the superior border of the adult spleen is evidence of its multiple origin (see the image below)

5:Lung Anatomy

The spleen is an organ shaped like a shoe that lies relative to the 9th and 11th ribs and is located in the left hypochondrium and partly in the epigastrium. Thus, the spleen is situated between the fundus of the stomach and the diaphragm. The spleen is very vascular and reddish purple in color; its size and weight vary. A healthy spleen is not palpable.

Development

The spleen develops in the cephalic part of dorsal mesogastrium (from its left layer; during the sixth week of intrauterine life) into a number of nodules that fuse and form a lobulated spleen. Notching of the superior border of the adult spleen is evidence of its multiple origin (see the image below). ^[1]