BIO153H5 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Cell Division, Cell Plate, Meristem
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27. 1 structural and functional adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success. Prokaryotic cells are unicellular and smaller than eukaryotic cells. Cell was is used for protection in hypotonic environments. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells are made of peptidoglycan. Using gram strain, we can classify the two types of cells walls: gram-positive: simple cell walls, peptidoglycan, gram-negative: complex cells walls, less peptidoglycan. Because of this extra membrane, it is more resistant to antibiotics. Around the cell wall there is a sticky layer: if dense it"s called capsule, if weak its called a slime layer, protects from dehydration. Half of all prokaryotes are capable of taxis (direct movement away/toward stimuli) Prokaryotic cells are simpler structurally and physically than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack compartmentalization and have less dna in genome: genome is made of circular chromosomes with few proteins. Have short generation times that allows for evolution to happen quickly: because of this certain bacteria have evolved to have endospores (resistance to harsh environments)
