BIO 3524 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Lysozyme, Anaerobic Respiration, Disinfectant

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7 Jan 2017

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Reduction potential: measure of the tendency (want) of a chemical compound to accept electrons, and thereby be reduced. Oxidative-respiration: aerobic (uses o2 as final e- acceptor, anaerobic (uses inorganic e- acceptor other than o2; i. e. nitrate, nitrite, sulfate) Fermentation: final e- acceptor is organic. Fermentation (generates least amount of energy) anaerobic aerobic. Donor source (-e ) organic not o2 o2 (+e ) Glycolytic pathway (glycolysis: partial oxidation of glucose to pyruvate, net production of 2 atp + 2 nadh (for 1 molecule of glucose) Respiration: pyruvate completely oxidized to co2, nadh oxidized to nad (to continue the pathway, uses inorganic e- acceptor, more atp produced, krebs cycle (for one molecule of pyruvate): 1 atp, 4 nadh, 1 fadh, 3 co2. 4c biosynthetic intermediates: a-ketoglutarate, succinate, oxaloacetate: electron transport chain: Fermentation: pyruvate reduced to organic acids or alcohol. Lactic acid: organic e- acceptor: pyruvate; regeneration of nad+ (oxdn) Ethanol: organic e- acceptor: acetaldehyde; regeneration of nad+

Related Questions

Question 18

The process that forms new glucose in the liver is called ...

	A.	glycogenolysis
	B.	Krebs cycle
	C.	lipolysis
	D.	gluconeogenisis
	E.	oxidative phosphorylation

Question 57

A person exercises in their âfat burning zoneâ for 4 hours at 35% VO₂peak. The O₂ cost of exercise at that work rate is 0.5L/minute. Following exercise the subject rewards himself with an ice-cream sundae (700kcal). The following statement is true(assume 5kcal/lit of O₂):

	A.	The subject is in neutral energy balance
	B.	The subject consumed fewer calories than they expended during exercise
	C.	The subject consumed more calories than they expended during exercise
	D.	Canât say

Question 52

The primary purpose of the citric acid cycle is...

		aerobic glycolysis
		gluconeogenesis using lactate
		the decarboxylation of carbon compounds to produce NADH.
		the shuttling of hydrogen ions through the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 51

In aerobic ATP production, the role of oxygen is to...

		to keep the electron transport chain operational
		to accept electrons from the 3rd cytochrome and thereby oxidizing it so it can accept new electrons
		act as a oxidizing agent by accepting electrons from the electron transport chain and combining with hydrogen ions (protons)
		all of the above

Question 50

Glucose is necessary for fatty acid oxidation because...

		its derivative, pyruvate, is condensated with carbonic acid to form oxaloacetate, which in turn is a necessary carbon compound in the citric acid cycle
		it is needed to convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA which in turn is oxidized to acetyl CoA
		glucose is decarboxylated into cytochrome oxidase which is a necessary intermediate in the citric acid cycle
		its derivative, acetyl CoA, is condensated with carbonic acid to form lactase, which in turn is a necessary carbon compound in the citric acid cycle

olivegoat873

All True orFalse

6.___ During the process of human fermentation the pyruvatemolecule produced at the end of glycolysis is converted into athree carbon molecule called ethyl alcohol while NAD+ is reduced toNADH and a CO2 molecule is released to the atmosphere.

7.___ The proton pumps of the inner membrane of themitochondrion are examples of integral transmembrane,active-transport carrier proteins.

8.___ Photosynthetic pigment molecules of plants are able torelease electrons to an ETC that are utilized to power the eventsof chemiosmosis.

9.__ Photoautotrophs (plants) use inorganic CO2 molecules astheir carbon source for building organic molecules and they usepigment molecules as their proximate source of electrons for theprocess of chemiosmosis.

10.__ The overall process of the TCA/CAC is exergonic with theproduction of ATP molecules and NADH/FADH2 all having stored energyderived from the reactants.

11.__ If a chemical reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme then thereactants will be able to initiate a chemical reaction withslightly more activation energy and the reaction would beclassified as an endergonic process if the products have lessenergy than the reactants.

12.__ The chemical reactions of glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle (TCAcycle), and oxidative phosphorylation, are all processes that canonly be performed when O2 is present (aerobic conditions).

13.___ Photophosphorylation is a type of chemiosmotic processand it possesses a key component of electron transport a finalelectron acceptor and in this case an organic molecule (FEA).

14.___ The pigment molecules, that make up a component of thechloroplasts of a plant, absorb light best in the green wavelengthsand that is why the plants appear so green.

15.___ Features in common for oxidative phosphorylation andphotophosphorylation are an electron source from dinucleotideelectron carrier molecules and an inorganic final electronacceptor.

16.___ In the metabolic pathways we discussed one would expectto find a number of points where allosteric enzymes are associatedwith positive feedback and/or negative feedback systems, and insome systems the allosteric enzyme is affected by both types ofregulatory molecules.

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BIO 3524 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Lysozyme, Anaerobic Respiration, Disinfectant

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