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BIO 2137 Study Guide - Final Guide: Pollen Tube, Desiccation, Chemiosmosis

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lilacox994
28 Jan 2018
School
University of Ottawa
Department
Biology
Course
BIO 2137
Professor
John Arnason

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Document Summary

Pteridophyta (ferns: monophyletic group with seed plants as both posses megaphylls and multi flagellate sperm cells, ferns. Initials parallel to surface to form inner and outer series of cells: leptosporangia. Single-layered walls with annulus (layers of thick walls and causes a tear in lip cells to eject spores when sporangium dries out) Form by transverse or oblique divisions of single initial. Sporophytes produce a single leaf per year. Borne on the fertile portion of the leaf not sterile (blade: psilotales. Psilotum (no roots no leaves; 3 sporangia with a reduced megaphyll) and tmesipteris (2 sporangia pseudo-leaf) Eusporangia fused into single synangium: equisetace (horsetail) Each node has a whorl of reduced leaves (megaphylls) that are arise laterally and alternate with leaves. Sporangia are born on sporangiophores into the stobili. Distinct fertile (green) and fertile (non photosynthetic) stems. Stobili (cone) at tip of vegetative stems for some.

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Related Questions

33. Why do peat moss bogs preserve the bodies of people who were tossed into them many thousand years ago so miraculously? .............................................................................................................................................

34. Why are the cells of bryophytes better suited for dehydration/rehydration than those of higher plant?

35. Why are the bodies of bryophytes better suited for dehydration/rehydration than those of higher plant?

36. Which fact changed the view that higher plants evolved from lower plants like bryophytes?

37. Poikilohydric plants are plants that ............................................ ..............................................................................................

38. Name three features that support the hypothesis that mosses or bryophytes descended from green algae!

39. Name three so-called mosses and point out why they are misnomers!

40. Although both algae and mosses are well adapted to survive severe dehydration for extended periods, they differ in the mechanisms of how this feature is achieved. While algae store water for extended periods in the ............................................ of their cell walls, bryophytes use .......................................................... situated .................................................... to achieve the same goal.

41. Name the two plants (genus suffices) that are directly known as “resurrection plants”.

42. Name the areas where bryophytes establish the dominant vegetation!

43. The Pteridophyta or fern group is a division of plants that in addition to the true ferns includes the classes ........................... , ..............................., ..........................., ................................., ......................................

44. The first forests on earth were neither conifer nor hardwood forests, the were made of members of the ........................... A famous tree was Calamites belonging to the Pterodphyte class of ............................................., A famous tree was Lepidodendron belonging to the Pterodphyte class of .............................................,

45. The phylogenetically oldest pteridophytes are the .................................. . These plants consist of a .......................... as the only organ in addition to attached sporangia.

1. Select the true statements concerning tracheids.

Tracheids are responsible foranchoring the plant to a substrate.
Pterophytes lack tracheids but haveeuphylls.
Without tracheids colonization ofland would not have been possible.
All of the large dominant extantland plants are tracheophytes.
Tracheids allow for efficienttransport of water over longer distances.

2. Plants lacking well-developed conducting systems such asmosses, liverworts, and hornworts have been called

sporophytes.
bryophytes.
gymnosperms.
gametophytes.

angiosperms.

3.Select the true statements concerning gametophytes andsporophytes.

Both produce gametes.
Sporophytes are alwaysnutritionally dependent on the gametophytes.
Across all plant speciesgametophytes tend to remain small.
Only sporophytes produce eggs.

Antheridia are located on the gametophyte.

4. A waxy cuticle helps prevents desiccation. What is the costof this adaptation?

Slower H2Otransport
Reduced gas permeability
Lowered light absorption
Increased exposure to damaging UVradiation

Increased susceptibility to pathogenic infection

5.Select the best answer to complete the following statement.Stomata are openings used by plants for the passage of

carbon dioxide, oxygen, and watervapor.
only carbon dioxide and spores orgametes.
only carbon dioxide and watervapor.
only carbon dioxide andpollen.

only oxygen and carbon dioxide.

6.One of the main distinctions between charophytes and landplants is the possession of a cuticle. Why do modern charophyteslack a cuticle?

Their tough seed coats negate theneed for a cuticle.
Cuticles aren't necessary whenliving in water.
Modern Charophytes make up for theabsence of a cuticle by have large numbers of stomata.

Charophytes have a haplodiplontic life cycle.

7.Select the following plant adaptations for the terrestrialenvironment that are correctly listed by their function.

Stomata allow for gas exchangebetween the plant and the atmosphere.
Tracheids protect againstdesiccation.
Stomata transport water aroundplant body.

Tracheids transport water and minerals around the plantbody.

8.What would be the simplest way for a non-botanist to confirmthat the fern is not a small palm?

Height, all ferns are verysmall
Lack of roots, palms have roots butferns do not
Leaf shape, only ferns havedissected leaves

Dots on the underside of the leaf, only ferns have sporangiaunder their fronds

9.Select the true statements relating to the colonization ofland by plants.

Desiccation is a much more commonproblem in terrestrial environments.
Cuticle layers reduce gasexchange.
Xylem tissue, seeds and stomata arefound on both plants and charophytes.

Without trachids land plant would not have been to able to growmore than just a meter or so tall.

10.Survival on land for organisms is difficult because of theproblem of

spore germination.
coevolution.
desiccation.
pollination.

syngamy.

11. Well-developed vascular systems are absent in all of thefollowing except

mosses.
Charophytes.
hornworts.
liverworts.

Pterophytes.

12. Bryophytes, like ferns and certain other tracheophyteplants, require

soil to reproduce sexually.
water to reproduce sexually.
sunlight to reproducesexually.
air to reproduce sexually.

shade to reproduce sexually.

13.Plant success on the terrestrial landscape is linked to theevolution of all of the following except

gas-filled air spaces.
stems.
specialized reproductivefeatures.
specialized roots.
increased area for photosynthesisin the leaves.

40. Although both algae and mosses are well adapted to survive severe dehydration for extended periods, they differ in the mechanisms of how this feature is achieved. While algae store water for extended periods in the …………………………………….. of their cell walls, bryophytes use …………………………………………………. situated ……………………………………………. to achieve the same goal.

41. Name the two plants (genus suffices) that are directly known as “resurrection plants”.

42. Name the areas where bryophytes establish the dominant vegetation!

43. The Pteridophyta or fern group is a division of plants that in addition to the true ferns includes the classes ……………………… , …………………………., ………………………, ……………………………, ………………………………..

44. The first forests on earth were neither conifer nor hardwood forests, the were made of members of the ……………………… A famous tree was Calamites belonging to the Pterodphyte class of ………………………………………, A famous tree was Lepidodendron belonging to the Pterodphyte class of ………………………………………,

45. The phylogenetically oldest pteridophytes are the ……………………………. . These plants consist of a …………………….. as the only organ in addition to attached sporangia.