BIO 1140 Quiz: Biolingo
18 Dec 2018
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Sapling:
Transmission of signal acrross synapse = Action potential arrives at synapse. Presynaptic
terminal channels open (Let Ca2+ in). neurotransmitter (1) diffused synapse cleft. 1 binds to ion
channel while receiving neurons opening them. Ions come in and out while receiving neuron
changing the cells potential. Neurotransmitters are removed from synapse. Initiating neuron is
ready to send another signal.
Purine = 2 ring structure\s. Pyrimidines = one ring
DNA to RNA… A to U…T to A… C to G
Ribosome = DNA Translation not Transcription
Biolingo:
Enzyme that cleaves phospholipid PIP2 IP3 and DAG = Phospholipase C
Most diverse cell surface family of human cells = GCPR (G protein coupled-receptor)
Grb2 is an adaptor protein.
GDP to GTP = phosphorylation
G protein activated by RTK = Monomer… GPCR = Heterotrimer
Enzyme activated that converts cAMP to AMP = Phosphodiesterase
Any kinase is an enzyme receptor
Dissociation of Hetero G protein = GTP binding
Nuclear receptors aren’t always active
Activation receptor kinases are characterized by dimerization, autophosphorylation.
Throws out phosphate groups = phosphatase
G protein-coupled receptors have seven transmembrane domains, activated by extracellular
ligands, are located intracellular side of receptor.
Ligand and its receptor have weak non-covalent bonds in order for the receptor to bind
transiently
Alpha-subunit of heterotrimeric G protein = a molecular switch and determines the importance
and duration of the response
Kinase domains of RTK activating protein kinases activate JAK/STAT, PI3Kinase, and PLC
gamma pathway
Pheromones = secreted by organism that influences the physiology or the behavior of another
organism of the same species.
Protein activated by cyclic AMP = Protein Kinase A
Molecule recruited by adapter Grb2 in the Ras pathway = SoS
How many calcium binding sites does calmodulin have = 4
Relay signal from ligand receptor at the plasma membrane cytoplasm = A second messenger.
G protein is not a switch regulator. G(anything) is a switch doe
Molecule that binds cytosolic calcium that affects the cell in various way = Calmodulin
Protein that phosphorylates GPCR = Protein kinase A
Ras the small G protein that has GTPase activity
Which of the following pathways can be activated by the kinase domains of an RTK activating
phospholipases? → PLC gamma pathway
Amino acid sequence part of protein with a special function in protein → a protein domain
What characterizes the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases → dimerization +
autophosphorylation
Adenylyl cyclase is not a ligand
Kinase can phosphorylate a protein
PKA 4 subunits = 2 Regulatory; 2 catalytic
Adenylyl cyclase = ATP to cAMP
Ligand = signaling molecule… needs ligand receptor to be a target cell
Kinase = enzyme receptor^
Steroid can cross lipid bilayer and bind to intercellular receptor
Ras activation causes GDP exchange for GTP
Water soluble signaling molecules cant reach intracellular receptors
G protein coupled receptors = only on outer membrane and doesn’t have intracellular receptors
Second messenger = small molecules with short lifespan that act as a second signal following the
activation of a receptor.
Neurotransmitter = aceltycholine
Glycoprotein = protein that oligosaccharide groups are linked
Binding of ligands to receptor = reversible
Small monomeric G protein following RTK in MAP kinase signaling pathway = Ras
Intracellular enzyme receptors = cytoplasm
Primary messengers = molecules that bind to membrane receptors
Molecular switch regulator = G protein
GPCR called seven pass cuz polypeptide crosses lipid bilayer seven times
IP3 becomes a second messenger when hydrolyzed by phospholipase C
Nucleus
Which statement is the most accurate regarding ligand and receptor binding? → The molecular
structure of the ligand needs to match with the binding site on the receptor
A phosphate group is added to a tyrosine upon activation by activated tyrosine kinases. Where
does this phosphate group come from? → ATP
What is most likely to happen if a ligand binds to a tyrosine kinase receptor? → Dimerization of
the monomers.
What’s gonna happen if a ligand binds to a G protein coupled receptor? → Recruitment of G
protein
Which molecule can diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind an intracellular receptor? →
Testosterone
GEF proteins → (False) Prevent the GTP from dissociating from the G protein
When bound to a receptor, Inverse Agonist inhibits the residual activity of the receptor.
