BIO 1140 Midterm: MIDTERM II TOPIC 6 REVIEW
Document Summary
Topic 6: cell communication and signal transduction: explain and give examples of cellular communication and the role it plays in cellular biology. Signal transduction vs cell communication: signal transduction: bringing in message, relaying/amplifying message within the cell (done by 2nd messengers); stems from cell communication. Conserved mechanisms: signal transduction and cell communication; we can observe similar mechanisms in other organisms, essential for, development. Immunity: physiology, hormonal regulation and homeostasis, cell growth, survival, cancer. Receptors (4 classes: transmembrane receptors, ligand-gated ion channel, receptor-enzyme (focus on tyrosine-kinase receptors; ligand binds and change in conformation activates enzymatic activity, g-protein-coupled receptor (ligand binds, activates g protein, which activate subsequent proteins in cell) Intracellular receptors: intracellular receptor (for lipophilic ligands) Transmembrane receptors: proteins that act as transmembrane receptors, multiple subunits of proteins forming a channel. Ion-channel-coupled receptors regulate flow of ions across membrane: made of multiple subunits that surround a central channel (1) ligand-gated ion channels.