PSYC 1000 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Wilhelm Wundt, Hindsight Bias, Naturalistic Observation
10 Oct 2013
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Lecture 2 scientific inquiry and research methods. Aristotle asked questions to understand the relationship between body and psyche. Wilhelm wundt added two key elements to make psychology a science: a) carefully measured observations; b) experiments. Titchener had people report sensations and reaction to stimuli. He tried to use introspective reports to build a view of the mind"s structure (structuralism). William james had set up a psychology laboratory and wrote the principles of psychology. He wanted to know what purpose human thoughts, feelings and behavior serve. Hindsight bias: the tendency to see past events as being predictable. The single case: basing psychology of one specific person or event. Overconfidence: excessive confidence in one"s own answers to questions. For example: for certain types of questions, answer that people rate as 99% certain turn out to be wrong 40% of the time. Hypotheses: testable predictions derived from observations and/or implied by a theory. A question that can be found true or false.
