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BIOL 205 Study Guide - Final Guide: Hydrolysis, Ibuprofen, Ribose

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emeraldalpaca286
20 Dec 2016
School
University of Calgary
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL 205
Professor
Elke Lohmeier- Vogel

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Document Summary

Selective permeability: membranes allow some substances to cross more easily than others. Glucose requires transport proteins to enter or leave the cell. Concentration gradient: if there is more molecules on one side of the membrane than the other side. Passive transport: also called diffusion, does not require energy to move small, non-polar molecules across the membrane, are small enough to slide through the cracks of the phospholipid bilayer. Tonicity: ability of a surrounding solution to cause cell to gain or lose water. Isotonic: cell gains water at the same rate that it loses it, equilibrium. Hypotonic: water enters the cell, can swell and burst. Hypertonic: water leaves the cell, can cause it to shrivel up and die from water loss. Ex. in fresh water fish, living in a hypotonic environment, the kidneys and gills have to work constantly to prevent an excessive buildup of water in the body.

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Related Questions

1. Microscopic cells or particles suspended in water exhibit atype of movement known as

_______________________________________________________________________.

2. The yeast cells in suspension appear to jiggle back and forthbecause they are bombarded

by the ______________ energy of water molecules which are inconstant, rapid, random

motion.

3. The movement of the molecules of a gas, liquid, or solid froma region of higher

concentration of that substance to a region of lesserconcentration is termed

____________________________.

4. What are 2 factors that influence the rate of diffusion?

5. ______________ is the diffusion of a solvent across aselectively permeable membrane.

6. In ______________________, water moves out of a plant cell byosmosis causing the

protoplast to shrivel up.

7. In __________________, water moves into an animal cell byosmosis causing the cell to

swell and burst.

8. The process of ________________ can be used in treatingkidney patients to separate

urea (small molecules) from proteins (large molecules) using aselectively permeable

membrane.

9. Which type of solution (hypotonic or hypertonic) is formed inthe soil environment

around root cells when a lawn is over fertilized? Would the rootcells lose or gain water?

10. Why is it common practice to place lettuce and celery inwater before serving them?

Cell Membranes Lab Report

  1. Diffusion

  1. Compare the following terms: solvent, solute, andsolution.

  1. Go to Lab, Section I, Exercise 1 to explore the factorsinfluencing the rate of diffusion and complete the following:

  1. Predict how molecular mass and temperature may affect theoutcome of this experiment.

  1. Record the data from information in the Lab in the tablebelow.

Time

(min)

Diameter (mm)

5°C MB

5°C PP

23°CMB

23°C PP

0

15

30

45
  1. Construct a line graph of the data from the table above. Yourgraph should include labeled axes, units, and a legend indicatingwhich treatment is presented. Sign, date and prepare an image ofyour graph and include it with this lab report.
  1. Osmosis

  1. Go to Lab, Section II, Exercise 2 to view a demonstration ofosmosis and answer the following questions:

  1. Describe the net movement of water in osmometer 1.
  1. How is the movement of water molecules related to theconcentration gradient of the solution?

  1. Go to Lab, Section II, Exercise 3 to observe the effect ofsolute concentration on the rate of osmosis. Answer the followingquestions:

  1. Was the net movement of water in bags 1 to 4 into or out of thebags?
  1. Explain the results from bags 4 and 5.
  1. Selective Permeability of Membranes

  1. Go to Lab, Section III, Exercise 4 to learn about theimportance of selectively permeable membranes, then complete thetable and answer the following questions:

Contents of Beaker

0 Min

30 Min

Starch

Chloride ion
  1. Which substances diffused through the dialysis membrane?

  1. How does dialysis tubing model the selective permeability of aplasma membrane?
  1. Tonicity

  1. Go to Lab, Section IV, Exercise 5 and 6 to observe plasmolysisin Elodea cells and tonicity in red blood cells. Summarizethe concept of tonicity using blood and Elodea cells asexamples. Your description should incorporate these terms: turgid,plasmolysis, hemolysis, and crenation.

Cells

Isotonic Solution

Hypertonic Solution

Hypotonic Solution

Elodea

RBC

  1. Based on your previous work, reproduce the table below and drawan illustration of a single cell in each box. Include arrows toshow the direction of water flow relative to each cell and dots tosymbolize solutes. Sign, date and prepare an image of your drawingand include it with this lab report.

Cells

Isotonic Solution

Hypertonic Solution

Hypotonic Solution

Elodea

RBC

Summary Questions

  1. Compare diffusion and osmosis. Give an example of each.

2. In which direction will osmosisoccur if a 15% sugar solution is separated from a 25% sugarsolution by a selectively permeable membrane?

3. Why did osmosis, but not diffusionof sucrose molecules, occur across the dialysis membrane containing20% sucrose solution?

4. You are having a party and thecelery is limp. What might you do to make the celery crisp (turgid)again? What will occur in the cells?

5. A small amount of fertilizer(mineral salts) will stimulate plant growth, but over fertilizationcan kill plants? Why?

6. Michael adds sugar to his coffee.Explain what in this drink is the solvent, solute, and solution.

7. You add a cube of sugar to yourdrink. How could you speed up the diffusion of sugar moleculeswithout stirring?

8. How is dynamic equilibriumestablished within a solution?

1. Which of the following best describes a condition where a membrane separates two solutions that are NOT in equilibrium?

A a rainbow
B equilibrium
C a homogeneous solution
D neighboring solutions that have unequal concentrations of molecules

2. In this lab, we will use dialysis tubing to....

A simulate biological membranes
B separate blood from urine
C turn starch blue
D turn starch brown

3. Biological membranes have different types of pores and channels, and different permeability to small molecules depending on size and charge. In this lab, you can assume that the dialysis tubing we are using are permeable to....

A starch
B water and potassium iodide
C complex sugars
D small animals

4. Kinetic energy is a property of the atom, and also of more complex structures such as molecules. You can actually see kinetic energy of non-living things in action under the microscope. When we visualize this, we call what we see...

A diffusion
B Brownian motion
C osmosis
D all of the above

5. One word to describe the effect of water diffusion across a membrane, which alters the water pressure on one side of the membrane with respect to the other is....

A osmosis
B lysis
C aquaporin
D equilibrium

6. Suppose that you place a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution containing penetrating molecules. In this environment, you would expect the cell to eventually

A swell and burst
B shrink
C remain the same in size
D photosynthesize

7. For the "egg lab", what is the main objective?

A to determine which egg has more mass
B to determine which egg is hypertonic to the other
C to determine which solution the egg is placed in is hyper- or hypo-tonic solution
D to determine which egg is isotonic with the egg

8. The main difference between a 'prediction' and a 'hypothesis', is that predictions....

A are framed as an "if...then...because" statement
B are framed as a general statement
C are framed as an "always....true" statement
D are framed as an "correct....incorrect" statement

9. Read each of the following procedural steps for plasmolyzing Elodea sprig and then select the correct order below.

Locate a region of healthy cells and sketch a few adjacent cells

Sketch the plasmolyzed cell

While touching one corner of the coverslip with a piece of Kimwipe to draw off the
water, add a drop of concentrated salt solution to the opposite corner

Obtain a leaf from an Elodea or Water sprite plant

A 4, 2, 3, 1
B 3, 1, 4, 2
C 2, 3, 1, 4
D 4, 1, 3, 2