PAT 20A/B Study Guide - Final Guide: Qt Interval, Dysphagia, Kidney Stone Disease

• School: Ryerson University
• Department: Pathotherapeutics
• Course: PAT 20A/B
• Professor: Audrey Kenmir

Document Summary

Maintaining the concentration and the volume of the ecf. An elevated serum sodium may occur with water loss or sodium gain. Hyperosmolalit y causes a shift of water out of the cells, which leads to cellular dehydration. Excessive sweating and increased sensible losses from high fever. Sodium intake in excess of water intake. Hyponatremia may result from loss of sodium- containing fluids or from water excess. Hyponatremia causes extracellular hypo-osmolality with a shift of water into the cells. Inappropriate use of sodium- free or hypotonic iv fluids. Siadh will result in dilutional hyponatremia caused by abnormal retention of water. During administration of fluids in patients with renal failure. Patients with psychiatric disorders associated with excessive water intake. Result: sodium excess has a direct effect on the irritability and conduction of neurons, causing: N/a from the gi tract, the kidney, or the skin indirectly result in hyponatremia. Abnormal retention of fluids (e. g. , congestive heart failure, renal failure)