PAT 20A/B Study Guide - Final Guide: Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Diuresis, Metabolic Acidosis
5 Jan 2017
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Most serious metabolic complication of type 1 diabetes . Can be seen in type 2 ( but not so common) Severe hyperglycemia: which leads to osmotic diuresis, and severe depletion of sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, phosphate. Increased oxidation of free fatty acids with production of ketone bodies. Insulin deficiency causes excessive protein degradation leading to nitrogen losses from the tissues as well as glucose production from amino acids ( proteins)= further increase. This hyperglycemia leads to osmotic diuresis, and severe depletion of sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, phosphate . The lack of insulin leads to mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue b/c of unsuppressed adipose cell lipase activity that breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids & glycerol. The increase in fatty acids leads to ketone production by the liver. The 3 metabolic derangements in dka are: : hyperglycemia, ketosis, metabolic acidosis. Hyperglycemia ( blood glucose levels (cid:1096) (cid:1005)4. (cid:1004) mmol/l)
