BIOLOGY 3UU3 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Neuroplasticity, Neurodegeneration, Intellectual Disability
5 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
Integrating the roles of long and small non-coding rna in brain function and disease. Long non-coding rna and small non-coding rnas essential for brain development, higher cognitive abilities, and are involved in psychiatric disease: long tissue- and activity-specific epigenetic + transcriptional regulation. Partly by the control of effector small rna activity. Noncoding genome has scaled with biodiversity and organism complexity while protein-coding genome only had modest alterations. Most cellular transcription is functional protein regulatory system that governs cellular processes. Evolution of a more sophisticated regulatory system, afforded by the expansion of non-coding. Non-coding rna: evolutionarily conserved classes of genomic controllers. Small rna, microrna, sirna, snorna: newly emerged families. Increased genetic complexity through unique temporal and spatial regulation of existing processes. Small non-coding rna sirnas earliest evolved: transcribed from repeat-containing elements or generated from double-stranded rna, repress gene expression by exact complementary binding to target sequences. Mirnas: repress gene expression by binding to sequences with imperfect complementarity.
