PSYO 2160- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 64 pages long!)

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If a dog is possessive over its food and they snarl when you go near food: don"t be mad, turn it into positive experience: frustration, ex. If you have 2 dogs/a dog and a cat, they might turn their aggression towards one another just because theyre frustrated, not necessarily angry. Important to notice when and how your dog becomes frustrated: pain, dogs will become aggressive when in pain. )f there wasn"t then everyone would survive, and existing phenotypes would persist: males often competing for females (limited resource, ex. In high predation site, would expect more schooling as it provides protection. Prey species (esp birds) are more likely to stay in groups; in groups its safer to look down to forage bc theres others looking out for predators. 10 years later, majority of the macaques were now washing their sweet potatoes: emu (?) was an exceptional macaque, another ex.