IMED3001 Study Guide - Final Guide: Catecholamine, Cardiac Output, Hyperthyroidism
9 Jan 2021
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Document Summary
Heart failure hospitalisations and some treatments are expensive (e. g. automated implantable cardiac defibrillators, aicds - ,000 to ,000) 10% of the total costs attributable to cardiovascular disease, 4th behind coronary heart disease (23%), high blood pressure (21%) and stroke (16%) The majority of heart failure is preventable. Primary prevention aimed at contributors to heart failure. (e. g. alcohol, amphetamines, some forms of chemotherapy) Early detection & optimal management of valvular heart disease, atrial fibrillation. Prevention & early treatment of rheumatic fever. Reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and if acute blood loss there may be reduced circulating blood volume, reducing delivery of glucose and lipids. Reduced peripheral resistance with increased circulatory capacity, increased activation of inflammatory pathways, increased levels of glucocorticoids and other stress hormones that contribute to salt and fluid retention. Thyrotoxicosis increases myocardial and vascular sensitivity to catecholamines, increases heart rate, promotes arrhythmias (especially atrial fibrillation), increases metabolic rate throughout the body (and thus demand for cardiac output)
