BIOM2012 Final: BIOM2012 Study Guide

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gilbear

24 Jul 2018

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Biomedical Science

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BIOM2012

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Document Summary

Why does the body maintain blood glucose level within a narrow range: to avoid toxicity or insufficency. What is it called when molecules are made and when they are broken down for use as energy/in the body: broken down: catabolic reactions, built up/brought together : anabolic. Cns functioning what can this be gained from: neurons, an important energy source, no, glia cells, adequate blood glucose levels, food. How does glucose move into the cell: via facilitated diffusion down its concentration gradient via the glut transporter. How many transmembrane helicies does a glut transporter have: 12. What are the 5 glucose transporters called and which ones are insulin independent and dependant insuilin transporters: glut 1,2,3,4,5, glut 1,2,3,5 are insulin independent insulin transporters and glut 4 is an insulin dependent insulin transporter. What glut transporters are utilised by the bbb and neurones: bbb=> glut 1, neurones => glut 3.

Related Questions

After working through the macromolecules in your friendâs extremely pale burrito, you look at her and think you might have an idea about what is going on. You ask Maria, âDo you usually eat like this?â âYup,â she says, âI love all the carbs, rice, and bread, as well as cheese. Sometimes I eat a piece of fruit or some carrot sticks. And energy drinks!â You then point out to your friend that she seems to be getting very little protein, a major class of macromolecules. But she is getting plenty of carbohydrates and lipids in the form of animal fats.

1. While your body can convert the monomers of macromolecules from one to the other, it has to have the raw materials in the form of the appropriate atoms. You explain to your friend that when she eats proteins, they are broken down into amino acids through the process of INSERT ANSWER and can then be rebuilt into new proteins through the process of INSERT ANSWER.

a. If your body does not take in protein, but only carbohydrates and lipids, what atoms will it be missing? Hint: There are two, and you can figure this out by comparing the structures of the monomers for proteins and carbohydrates as well as the basic structure of lipids. INSERT ANSWER

b. For the above atoms, how many electrons are in the outer shell? INSERT ANSWER

c. For the above atoms, what type of bond will they make within the amino acid monomer? INSERT ANSWER

d. Even if your friend does obtain the correct atoms, there are still a couple amino acids that your body cannot manufacture from scratch, but must be ingested. What are these amino acids? INSERT ANSWER

e.Why might a lack of protein or the wrong types of proteins lead to your friendâs fatigue? INSERT ANSWER

1.Aerobic cellular respiration: In the absence of oxygen â what processes stop? Why do they stop?

2. Do the reactions that are unique to fermentation itself (not the reactions of glycolysis that precede the fermentation-specific steps) provide the cell with additional useful high-energy molecules? Explain briefly. If you answered yes â how many high-energy molecules and what kind? If you answered no â then why does the cell do the fermentation step?

3. Do the cells in your body do fermentation? Explain.

4. When cells use fermentation instead of aerobic cellular respiration, is NAD+/NADH involved in this process? What happens to this molecule? Explain briefly.

5. Your body can harness energy from sources besides carbohydrates like glucose. Briefly explain how proteins and fats can be broken down and funneled into the reactions of cellular respiration.

A.) Why do cells of the body store glucose as glycogen and not glucose?

B.) Why does Glucose-1-P have to be activated to produce glycogen as a storage product? What enzymes are responsible for production and mobilization of glycogen?

C.) Two reactions (aldolase and malate dehydrogenase) in the oxidation of glucose to CO₂ have rather strongly positive standard free energy values. How can the pathways of glycolysis and citric acid cycle proceed to complete the oxidation of glucose if they contain reactions with strongly positive DG^0â values?

D.) D-glucose-1-P is not added directly to the growing glycogen chain during anabolism. What actually happens at the molecular level and why?

BIOM2012 Final: BIOM2012 Study Guide

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