ATS1263 Study Guide - Final Guide: Medical History, Heritability, Guanine

42 views6 pages

coralsnake45

30 Jul 2018

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Study Guides, a Grade+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Human genome project (hgp: key role in scientific revolution involving biotechnology, the sea(cid:396)(cid:272)h fo(cid:396) the (cid:858)(cid:271)iologi(cid:272)al g(cid:396)ail(cid:859, when we know exactly what the genes look like we will know what it is to be human . "genetic variations in the genome, various combinations of different possible genes i(cid:374)fi(cid:374)ite (cid:448)ariet(cid:455) that (cid:449)e see a(cid:373)o(cid:374)g i(cid:374)di(cid:448)idual (cid:373)e(cid:373)(cid:271)ers of a spe(cid:272)ies. Each cell contains, in its nucleus, two copies of a very long molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid (dna). One of these copies is from the father and one from the mother; brought together in the union of sperm and egg. This very long molecule is differentiated along its length into segments of separate function called genes, and the set of all these genes is called a genome. However, dna does not produces proteins, proteins (enzymes) produce dna. The dna molecule must have the power of self-reproduction (explained by its dual, complementary structure)

Related Questions

1. Characters that show a continuous range of variation, such as height and eye color, usually are controlled:

a.	by a single gene with two alleles that are codominant.

b.	by many genes with an additive effect.

c.	by epistatic interactions between two genes.

d.	mainly by the environment, with only a small genetic component.

2. In humans, red-green colorblindness is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait. In order for a woman to be red-green colorblind, which of the following statements must be true.

a.	Her mother must be red-green colorblind.

b.	All of her brothers must be red-green colorblind.

c.	Her father must be red-green colorblind.

d.	All of the above statements must be true if a woman is red-green colorblind.

3. The x-ray crystallography data collected by Rosalind Franklin suggested to Watson and Crick that the:

a.	structure of DNA is a double helix.

b.	two strands of the DNA molecule are joined by hydrogen bonds between the bases.

c.	four bases within DNA pair in a specific way.

d.	two strands of the DNA molecule are joined by covalent bonds between the bases.

4. In the genetic code, _________ one amino acid.

a.	one nucleotide specifies

b.	two nucleotides specify

c.	three nucleotides specify

d.	four nucleotides specify

5. During Meiosis I, a homologous pair of chromosomes may not separate, resulting in daughter cells that have extra chromosomes or are missing chromosomes. This can lead to genetic disorders, including Down Syndrome. This phenomenon is called:

a.	independent assortment.

b.	nondisjunction.

c.	segregation.

d.	crossing over.

6. You are a human geneticist studying the incidence of retinitis pigmentosa in the residents of Tristan de Cunha, a group of small islands in the middle of the southern Atlantic Ocean. The allele for retinitis pigmentosa, which causes a form of blindness, is inherited as an autosomal recessive. You have determined that the frequency of this allele (r) in the population is 0.4 (40%). Using the principles of the Hardy-Weinberg rule, you would estimate the frequency of individuals who are heterozygous for this allele (Rr) in the population to be:

a.	0.16 (16%)

b.	0.24 (24%)

c.	0.36 (36%)

d.	0.48 (48%)

7. Natural selection acts at the level of the:

a.	phenotype.

gene.

c.	population.

d.	nucleotide.

8. You are working with pea plants, trying to recreate the experiments that Mendel performed. You are doing a dihybrid cross with a plant that is heterozygous for both seed shape and seed color, with the genotype RrYy. Which allelic combinations would you expect to find in the gametes produced by this plant?

a.	This plant would produce only RY and ry gametes.

b.	This plant would produce only RrYy gametes.

c.	This plant would produce RY, Ry, rY, and ry gametes.

d.	You cannot determine which gametes this plant can produce without knowing the genotypes of its parents.

9. Biochemist Erwin Chargaff found that in DNA there is a special relationship between the four bases that we now call Chargaff's rule. His observation was that, in an organism's genome the:

a.	percentage of A nucleotides = the percentage of T nucleotides, and the percentage of C nucleotides = the percentage of G nucleotides.

b.	four bases all occur in an equal frequency (25%) within each organism.

c.	percentage of A nucleotides = the percentage of G nucleotides, and the percentage of C nucleotides = the percentage of T nucleotides.

d.	genetic material is composed of proteins, not DNA.

10. During DNA replication:

a.	each strand of the double helix acts as a template for the synthesis of a new strand.

b.	the enzyme DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the strand being synthesized.

c.	the bases A,C,G and T are required.

d.	All of the above are true of DNA replication.

11. During translation, amino acids are joined by peptide bonds to make polypeptides. The formation of these peptide bonds is catalyzed by:

12. If an allele (R) at a gene with two alleles shows complete dominance, individuals with the genotypes ______ will have the same phenotype.

a.	RR and rr.

RR and Rr

Rr and rr

d.	Each of the three possible genotypes will have a different phenotype.

mauvefox570

ATS1263 Study Guide - Final Guide: Medical History, Heritability, Guanine

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

ATS1263 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Genetic Discrimination, Determinism, Jesse Gelsinger

BIOL-UA 21 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Contig, Tata Box, Human Genetic Variation

[BISC 202] - Final Exam Guide - Everything you need to know! (53 pages long)

Related Questions