BCH2022 Study Guide - Final Guide: Cell Surface Receptor, Enzyme, Tamoxifen
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Types of Cell Receptors
Receptors have two functions
1. Binding (physiochemical)
• Distinguishes one particular hormone from another
• Activated by an entity (ligand/hormone)
• Specificity → binding pocket (ligand/extracellular domain)
2. Signalling (biological)
• Translates the hormonal signal into an appropriate biological cellular
response
• Cell surface receptor
Hormone Receptors
• Large multidomain proteins found on cell membranes or intracellularly
• Bind specifically to ligand – specific recognition sites
• Transmit biological signal in response to ligand binding (intra)
• Confer specificity and ability of a cell to respond to signal
• Ability of cell to respond to extracellular signal depends on presence of
receptor(s)
• 1,200 cell surface receptors & humans make 48 intracellular receptors
Features of Signalling Systems
1. Specificity
• Signal molecule fits binding site on complementary receptor
o Other signals don’t fit
o Different cell types – different responses
2. Amplification
• When enzymes activate enzymes
o Number of affected molecules increase – enzyme cascade
• Binding of ligand to receptor
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