Describe the logistics of how these electrochemical immunosensors are used in cancer detection/ diagnosis for lung cancer.

What biomarkers are measured for lung cancer?

What signals are sent in detection of lung cancer?

How the immunosensor interacts with the body with lung cancer ? etc.

A new sensor to detect bloodborne biomarkers is in development. The sensor uses enzymes immobilized on the surface of a flat strip (0.1cm X2cm) of polymer material to collect the biomarkers for increased detection. The enzymes rapidly convert the biomarkers into a secondary product that can be detected more easily. In an experiment, you collect blood from a patient that contains the biomarker and gently flow it over the sensor material at a velocity of 2 cm min". The flow is parallel to the long axis of the strip and the temperature is maintained at 37°C.

If the diffusivity of the biomarker in blood was determined to be 5.87 X 10^6 cm^2/s, what is the mass transfer coefficient for this process?

Your data indicates that 0.023 milligrams of biomarker were collected in 1 hour. Based on this measurement, what is the biomarker concentration in the blood?

Please conduct a research online about “Cancer” to answer the following questions.

1. What is the definition of cancer?
2. What do cancer cells not have that other cells do?
3. What do cancer cells do more often than other cells?
4. What are tumors?
5. What is the term for tumors that can invade healthy tissue?
6. What does it mean for tumors to be malignant?
7. What does it mean for tumors to be benign?
8. What is the name for a mass of cells that are not cancerous, but not normal?
9. What is the term for an increase in the number of normal cells?
10. What is the term for the presence of abnormal cells that are not cancer?
11. What must have occurred for cancer to develop?
12. What can spontaneously cause mutations in cells leading to cancer?
13. What can damage DNA?
14. What are the possible treatments of cancer (check textbook or online)?

You are designing a medical device to collect

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA, MW = 180,000 g

mol^-1), a tumor marker, from patients in order to create a personalized cancer vaccine. In this medical device, the cellular components of the blood are removed from the plasma. The plasma then flows into an extraction chamber. Within this chamber, the fluid flow divides into 48,000 10-cm long tubes with an inside diameter of 175 um. The surface of each tube is coated with a material that very rapidly adsorbs CEA. Plasma containing 6.1 ug m1^-1 of CEA flows into the chamber at 125 ml min^-1. Assume that the fluids are at body temperature (37°C). The viscosity and density of water at 37°C are 0.691 cP and 0.993 g/ cm^3, respectively.

A) Estimate the diffusivity of CEA within the extraction chamber?