HSS 3305 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Fine-Needle Aspiration, American Cancer Society
17 Jan 2018
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Pathologists look at organization of the tissue, if there is disorganization and changes in morphology, might indicate cancer: tumor-associated antigen test: tumors may secrete tumor associated antigens, usually glycoproteins. This may be detected in blood test, useful to determine treatment. 1: the definition of biomarker has been broadened to include biological characteristics that can be objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator or normal biological processes, pathological processes, or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention. Identification of early events in the natural history. Cancer biomarkers: breast, pancreatic, ovarian, lung cancer: ca 125, cea, liver cancer: afp, stomach cancer: cea, colon cancer: cea, prostate cancer: psa, testicular cancer: afp, hcg. Cancer examples: accumulation of mutations in certain genes (by inactivation of tumor suppressor gene), and loss of mitosis, loss of control of proliferation of cells. Male breast cancer: although men have much less breast tissue than women, they do have breast cells that can undergo cancerous changes.
